Salyut 6 (Russian: Салют-6; lit. Salute 6), DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth flown as part of the Salyut programme. Launched on 29 September 1977 by a Proton rocket, the station was the first of the 'second-generation' type of space station.
Salyut 6 possessed several revolutionary advances over the earlier
Soviet space stations, which it nevertheless resembled in overall
design. These included the addition of a second docking port, a new main
propulsion system and the station's primary scientific instrument, the
BST-1M multispectral telescope. The addition of the second docking port
made crew handovers and station resupply by unmanned Progress
freighters possible for the first time, which in turn allowed the
programme to evolve from short-duration station visits to long-duration
expeditions, marking the beginning of the transition to multi-modular,
long-term research stations in space.
From 1977 until 1982, Salyut 6 was visited by five long- and eleven short-duration crews, including cosmonauts from Warsaw Pact countries as part of the Intercosmos programme. These crews were responsible for carrying out the primary missions of Salyut 6, including astronomy, Earth-resources observations and the study of the effect of spaceflight on the human body. Following the completion of these missions and the launch of its successor, Salyut 7, Salyut 6 was deorbited on 29 July 1982, almost five years after its launch.[1][3]
From 1977 until 1982, Salyut 6 was visited by five long- and eleven short-duration crews, including cosmonauts from Warsaw Pact countries as part of the Intercosmos programme. These crews were responsible for carrying out the primary missions of Salyut 6, including astronomy, Earth-resources observations and the study of the effect of spaceflight on the human body. Following the completion of these missions and the launch of its successor, Salyut 7, Salyut 6 was deorbited on 29 July 1982, almost five years after its launch.[1][3]
Station operations
Docking operations
| Spacecraft | Docking day | Docking time | Port | Undocking day | Undocking time | Duration (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soyuz 25 | 10 October 1977 | 07:09 | front | 11 October 1977 | ~08:00 | 1.03 |
| Soyuz 26 | 11 December 1977 | 06:02 | rear | 16 January 1978 | 14:22 | 36.35 |
| Soyuz 27 | 11 January 1978 | 17:06 | front | 16 March 1978 | 11:00 | 63.75 |
| Progress 1 | 22 January 1978 | 13:12 | rear | 7 February 1978 | 08:55 | 15.82 |
| Soyuz 28 | 3 March 1978 | 20:10 | rear | 10 March 1978 | 13:25 | 6.72 |
| Soyuz 29 | 17 June 1978 | 00:58 | front | 3 September 1978 | 11:23 | 78.43 |
| Soyuz 30 | 29 June 1978 | 20:08 | rear | 5 July 1978 | 13:15 | 6.71 |
| Progress 2 | 9 July 1978 | 15:59 | rear | 2 August 1978 | 07:57 | 23.66 |
| Progress 3 | 10 August 1978 | 03:00 | rear | 21 August 1978 | - | ~11 |
| Soyuz 31 | 27 August 1978 | 19:37 | rear | 7 September 1978 | 13:53 | 10.76 |
| Soyuz 31 | 7 September 1978 | 14:21 | front | 2 November 1978 | 10:46 | 55.85 |
| Progress 4 | 6 October 1978 | 04:00 | rear | 24 October 1978 | 16:07 | 18.50 |
| Soyuz 32 | 26 February 1979 | 08:30 | front | 13 June 1979 | 12:51 | 107.18 |
| Progress 5 | 14 March 1979 | 10:20 | rear | 3 April 1979 | 19:10 | 20.37 |
| Progress 6 | 15 May 1979 | 09:19 | rear | 8 June 1979 | 11:00 | 24.07 |
| Soyuz 34 | 8 June 1979 | 23:02 | rear | 14 June 1979 | 19:18 | 5.84 |
| Soyuz 34 | 14 June 1979 | ~19:50 | front | 19 August 1979 | 12:08 | 65.86 |
| Progress 7 | 30 June 1979 | 14:18 | rear | 18 July 1979 | 06:50 | 17.69 |
| Soyuz T-1 | 19 December 1979 | 17:05 | front | 24 March 1980 | 00:04 | 94.29 |
| Progress 8 | 29 March 1980 | 23:01 | rear | 25 April 1980 | 11:04 | 26.50 |
| Soyuz 35 | 10 April 1980 | 18:16 | front | 3 June 1980 | 14:47 | 53.85 |
| Progress 9 | 29 April 1980 | 11:09 | rear | 20 May 1980 | 21:51 | 21.45 |
| Soyuz 36 | 27 May 1980 | 22:56 | rear | 4 June 1980 | 18:08 | 7.86 |
| Soyuz 36 | 4 June 1980 | 19:38 | front | 31 July 1980 | 14:55 | 56.86 |
| Soyuz T-2 | 6 June 1980 | 18:58 | rear | 9 June 1980 | 12:24 | 2.73 |
| Progress 10 | 1 July 1980 | 08:53 | rear | 18 July 1980 | 01:21 | 16.69 |
| Soyuz 37 | 24 June 1980 | 23:02 | rear | 1 August 1980 | 19:43 | 7.86 |
| Soyuz 37 | 1 August 1980 | ~20:10 | front | 11 October 1980 | 09:30 | 70.56 |
| Soyuz 38 | 19 September 1980 | 20:49 | rear | 26 September 1980 | 12:35 | 6.62 |
| Progress 11 | 30 September 1980 | 20:03 | rear | 9 December 1980 | 13:23 | 69.72 |
| Soyuz T-3 | 28 November 1980 | 18:54 | front | 10 December 1980 | 09:10 | 11.59 |
| Progress 12 | 26 January 1981 | 18:56 | rear | 19 March 1981 | 21:14 | 52.09 |
| Soyuz T-4 | 13 March 1981 | 23:33 | front | 26 May 1981 | - | ~74 |
| Soyuz 39 | 23 March 1981 | 19:28 | rear | 30 March 1981 | 11:22 | |
| Soyuz 40 | 15 May 1981 | 21:50 | rear | 22 May 1981 | 13:37 | 6.66 |
| Kosmos 1267 | 19 June 1981 | 10:52 | front | permanently docked | - | - |
Station crews
| Expedition | Crew | Launch date | Flight up | Landing date | Flight down | Duration (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salyut 6 - EO-1 |
Yuri Romanenko, Georgi Grechko |
10 December 1977 01:18:40 |
Soyuz 26 | 16 March 1978 11:18:47 |
Soyuz 27 | 96.42 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-1 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov |
10 January 1978 12:26:00 |
Soyuz 27 | 16 January 1978 11:24:58 |
Soyuz 26 | 5.96 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-2 |
Aleksei Gubarev, Vladimír Remek - Czechoslovakia |
2 March 1978 15:28:00 |
Soyuz 28 | 10 March 1978 13:44:00 |
Soyuz 28 | 7.93 |
| Salyut 6 - EO-2 |
Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov |
15 June 1978 20:16:45 |
Soyuz 29 | 2 November 1978 11:04:17 |
Soyuz 31 | 139.62 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-3 |
Pyotr Klimuk, Miroslaw Hermaszewski - Poland |
27 June 1978 15:27:21 |
Soyuz 30 | 5 July 1978 13:30:20 |
Soyuz 30 | 7.92 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-4 |
Valery Bykovsky, Sigmund Jähn - German Democratic Republic |
26 August 1978 14:51:30 |
Soyuz 31 | 3 September 1978 11:40:34 |
Soyuz 29 | 7.87 |
| Salyut 6 - EO-3 |
Vladimir Lyakhov, Valery Ryumin |
25 February 1979 11:53:49 |
Soyuz 32 | 19 August 1979 12:29:26 |
Soyuz 34 | 175.02 |
| Salyut 6 - EO-4 |
Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin |
9 April 1980 13:38:22 |
Soyuz 35 | 11 October 1980 09:49:57 |
Soyuz 37 | 184.84 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-5 |
Valery Kubasov, Bertalan Farkas - Hungary |
26 May 1980 18:20:39 |
Soyuz 36 | 3 June 1980 15:06:23 |
Soyuz 35 | 7.87 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-6 |
Yuri Malyshev, Vladimir Aksyonov |
5 June 1980 14:19:30 |
Soyuz T-2 | 9 June 1980 12:39:00 |
Soyuz T-2 | 3.93 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-7 |
Viktor Gorbatko, Pham Tuan - Vietnam |
23 July 1980 18:33:03 |
Soyuz 37 | 31 July 1980 15:15:02 |
Soyuz 36 | 7.86 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-8 |
Yuri Romanenko, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez - Cuba |
18 September 1980 19:11:03 |
Soyuz 38 | 26 September 1980 15:54:27 |
Soyuz 38 | 7.86 |
| Salyut 6 - EO-5 |
Leonid Kizim, Oleg Makarov Gennady Strekalov |
27 November 1980 14:18:28 |
Soyuz T-3 | 10 December 1980 09:26:10 |
Soyuz T-3 | 12.80 |
| Salyut 6 - EO-6 |
Vladimir Kovalyonok, Viktor Savinykh |
12 March 1981 19:00:11 |
Soyuz T-4 | 26 May 1981 12:37:34 |
Soyuz T-4 | 74.73 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-9 |
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha - Mongolia |
22 March 1981 14:58:55 |
Soyuz 39 | 30 March 1981 11:40:58 |
Soyuz 39 | 7.86 |
| Salyut 6 - EP-10 |
Leonid Popov, Dumitru Prunariu - Romania |
14 May 1981 17:16:38 |
Soyuz 40 | 22 May 1981 13:58:30 |
Soyuz 40 | 7.86 |
Spacewalks
| EVA | Spacewalkers | Date | EVA Start | EVA End | Duration (hours) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salyut 6 - PE-1 | Romanenko & Grechko | 19 December 1977 | 21:36 | 23:04 | 1:28 | Test of Orlan-D spacesuit, inspection of docking apparatus and Medusa cassette deployment. |
| Salyut 6 - PE-2 | Kovalyonok & Ivanchenkov | 29 July 1978 | 04:00 | 06:20 | 2:05 | Retrieval of Medusa cassette and passive micrometeoroid detector, deployment of radiation detector & new experimental cassettes. |
| Salyut 6 - PE-3 | Ryumin & Lyakhov | 15 August 1979 | 14:16 | 15:39 | 1:23 | Removal of KRT-10 radio telescope dish, retrieval of experiment cassettes. |
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