Manned Apollo missions
Block I crew positions for Apollo 1 were designated Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot. Corresponding Block II positions were designated Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot (regardless of whether or not a Lunar Module was present on the mission.)A total of fifteen Saturn V vehicles were ordered (through AS-515), which would have been enough for three more Moon landing missions through Apollo 20. This flight was cancelled during the first Apollo 11 landing mission, to make the launch vehicle available for the Skylab space station. Shortly thereafter, Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled in response to Congressional cuts in NASA's budget.
Mission | Rocket | LV Serial No | Commander | Sr Pilot/ CM Pilot | Pilot/ LM Pilot | CM Name | LM Name | Launch Date | Launch Time | Duration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apollo 1 (AS-204) |
Saturn IB | AS-204 | Grissom | White | Chaffee | N/A | No LM | 21 February 1967 (Planned) | N/A | N/A |
Never launched. On 27 January 1967, a fire erupted in the Apollo command module during a test on the launch pad, destroying the module and killing astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee. The Saturn 1B launch vehicle, serial number AS-204, was undamaged and later used for the Apollo 5 mission. | ||||||||||
Apollo 7 |
Saturn IB | AS-205 | Schirra | Eisele | Cunningham | N/A | No LM | 11 October 1968 | 15:02 GMT | 10d 20h 09m 03s |
A test flight of the Block II CSM in Earth orbit, Apollo 7 was the first manned Apollo flight and the first manned flight of the Saturn IB. It was the only manned Apollo launch not from LC 39. It included the first live TV broadcast from an American spacecraft. | ||||||||||
Apollo 8 |
Saturn V | AS-503 | Borman | Lovell | Anders | N/A | No LM | 21 December 1968 | 12:51 GMT | 06d 03h 00m 42s |
Apollo 8 was the first manned circumlunar flight of the CSM (10 orbits in 20 hours) and the first manned flight of the Saturn V. The crew were the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and earthrise over the lunar horizon with their own eyes. Live television pictures were broadcast to Earth. | ||||||||||
Apollo 9 |
Saturn V | AS-504 | McDivitt | Scott | Schweickart | Gumdrop | Spider | 3 March 1969 | 16:00 GMT | 10d 01h 00m 54s |
During 10 days in Earth orbit, Apollo 9 conducted the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, demonstrating its propulsion and ability to rendezvous and dock with the CSM. An EVA tested the Portable Life Support System (PLSS). | ||||||||||
Apollo 10 |
Saturn V | AS-505 | Stafford | Young | Cernan | Charlie Brown | Snoopy | 18 May 1969 | 16:49 GMT | 08d 00h 03m 23s |
In this "dress rehearsal" for the lunar landing, Apollo 10's Lunar Module was flown manned around the Moon and descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) without landing. | ||||||||||
Apollo 11 |
Saturn V | AS-506 | Armstrong | Collins | Aldrin | Columbia | Eagle | 16 July 1969 | 13:32 GMT | 08d 03h 18m 35s |
On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module performed the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility, overcoming navigation errors and computer alarms. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin performed a single EVA in the direct vicinity of the LM. | ||||||||||
Apollo 12 |
Saturn V | AS-507 | Conrad | Gordon | Bean | Yankee Clipper | Intrepid | 14 November 1969 | 16:22 GMT | 10d 04h 36m 24s |
Following two lightning strikes on the spacecraft during launch, with brief loss of fuel cells and telemetry, Apollo 12 performed the first precise manned landing on the Moon in the Ocean of Storms near the Surveyor 3 probe. In two EVAs, the astronauts recovered portions of Surveyor and returned them to Earth. First controlled LM ascent stage impact after jettison; first use of deployable S-band antenna; lunar TV camera damaged by accidental exposure to sun. | ||||||||||
Apollo 13 |
Saturn V | AS-508 | Lovell | Swigert | Haise | Odyssey | Aquarius | 11 April 1970 | 19:13 GMT | 05d 22h 54m 41s |
Intended to land at Fra Mauro, Apollo 13's mission was aborted after an SM oxygen tank exploded on the trip to the moon, causing the landing to be cancelled. After a single loop around the moon, the LM was used as crew "lifeboat" for safe return. First S-IVB stage impact on Moon as active seismic test. | ||||||||||
Apollo 14 |
Saturn V | AS-509 | Shepard | Roosa | Mitchell | Kitty Hawk | Antares | 31 January 1971 | 21:03 GMT | 09d 00h 01m 58s |
After docking problems, a faulty LM abort switch and delayed landing radar acquisition, Apollo 14's LM landed successfully at Fra Mauro. First color video images from the surface of the Moon, first materials science experiments in space, and two EVAs, in one of which Shepard performed a golf shot. | ||||||||||
Apollo 15 |
Saturn V | AS-510 | Scott | Worden | Irwin | Endeavour | Falcon | 26 July 1971 | 13:34 GMT | 12d 07h 11m 53s |
Apollo 15, landing at Hadley–Apennine was the first "J series" mission with a 3-day lunar stay and extensive geology investigations. First use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, driving 17.25 miles (27.8 km); 1 lunar "standup" EVA, 3 lunar surface EVAs, and deep space EVA on return to retrieve orbital camera film from SM. | ||||||||||
Apollo 16 |
Saturn V | AS-511 | Young | Mattingly | Duke | Casper | Orion | 16 April 1972 | 17:54 GMT | 11d 01h 51m 05s |
After a malfunction in a backup CSM yaw gimbal servo loop delayed the landing and reduced CSM time in lunar orbit, Apollo 16's LM landed in the Descartes Highlands. No ascent stage deorbit due to malfunction; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA. | ||||||||||
Apollo 17 |
Saturn V | AS-512 | Cernan | Evans | Schmitt | America | Challenger | 7 December 1972 | 05:33 GMT | 12d 13h 51m 59s |
The final Apollo lunar mission landed at Taurus–Littrow. Schmitt, a geologist, was the first professional scientist to go on a NASA mission. First night launch; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA. As of 2014, the last manned spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit. |
No comments:
Post a Comment