MANNED SPACE FLIGHTS

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SPACECRAFT	CREW	LAUNCH	RETURN	DURATION	REMARKS
Vostok 1 (USSR)	Yuri Gagarin	12-Apr-61	12-Apr-61	1h:48m	First manned space flight (1 orbit).
Mercury-Redstone 3 (USA)	Alan Shepard	5-May-61	5-May-61	15m:22s	First American in space (suborbital). Freedom 7.
Mercury-Redstone 4 (USA)	Virgil Grissom	21-Jul-61	21-Jul-61	15m:37s	Second suborbital flight; spacecraft sank, Grissom rescued. Liberty Bell 7.
Vostok 2 (USSR)	Gherman Titov	6-Aug-61	7-Aug-61	1d:01h:18m	First flight longer than 24 hours (17 orbits).
Mercury-Atlas 6 (USA)	John Glenn	20-Feb-62	20-Feb-62	04h:55m	First American in orbit (3 orbits); telemetry falsely indicated heatshield unlatched. Friendship 7.
Mercury-Atlas 7 (USA)	Scott Carpenter	24-May-62	24-May-62	04h:56m	Initiated space flight experiments; manual retrofire error caused 250 mile landing overshoot. Aurora 7.
Vostok 3 (USSR)	Andrian Nikolayev	11-Aug-62	15-Aug-62	3d:22h:22m	First twinned flight, with Vostok 4.
Vostok 4 (USSR)	Pavel Popovich	12-Aug-62	15-Aug-62	2d:22h:57m	First twinned flight. On first orbit came within 3 miles of Vostok 3.
Mercury-Atlas 8 (USA)	Walter Schirra	3-Oct-62	3-Oct-62	09h:13m	Developed techniques for long duration missions (6 orbits); closest splashdown to target to date (4.5 miles). Sigma 7.
Mercury-Atlas 9 (USA)	Gordon Cooper	15-May-63	16-May-63	1d:10h:20m	First U.S. evaluation of effects of one day in space (22 orbits); performed manual reentry after systems failure, landing 4 miles from target. Faith 7.
Vostok 5 (USSR)	Valeri Bykovsky	14-Jun-63	19-Jun-63	4d:23h:08m	Second twinned flight, with Vostok 6.
Vostok 6 (USSR)	Valentina Tereshkova	16-Jun-63	19-Jun-63	2d:22h:51m	First woman in space; passed within 3 miles of Vostok 5.
X-15, Flight 90 (USA)	Walker, Joseph	19-Jul-63	19-Jul-63	11m:24s	First rocket-powered aircraft to reach space (FAI definition); sub-orbital reaching 347,800 feet (106,010 m) altitude.
X-15, Flight 91 (USA)	Walker, Joseph	22-Aug-63	22-Aug-63	11m:09s	Rocket-powered aircraft; sub-orbital reaching 354,200 feet (107,960 m) altitude.
Voskhod 1 (USSR)	Vladimir Komarov, Konstantin Feoktistov, Boris Yegorov	12-Oct-64	13-Oct-64	1d:00h:17m	Modified Vostok; first three man crew in space; first without space suits.
Voskhod 2 (USSR)	Pavel Belyayev, Alexei Leonov	18-Mar-65	19-Mar-65	1d:02h:02m	Modified Vostok; first spacewalk by Leonov (10 min) via inflatable airlock.
Gemini 3 (USA)	Virgil Grissom, John Young	23-Mar-65	23-Mar-65	04h:53m	First American two man crew; first piloted spacecraft to change its orbital path; first computer, allowing onboard calculation of maneuvers.
Gemini 4 (USA)	James McDivitt, Edward White	3-Jun-65	7-Jun-65	4d:01h:56m	First American spacewalk by White (21 min); first US 4-day flight; manual reentry made after computer failure.
Gemini 5 (USA)	Gordon Cooper, Charles Conrad	21-Aug-65	29-Aug-65	7d:22h:55m	First use of fuel cells for electric power; evaluated guidance and navigation system.
Gemini 7 (USA)	Frank Borman, James Lovell	4-Dec-65	18-Dec-65	13d:18h:35m	Longest US flight for 8 years (206 orbits), record until Soyuz 9; rendezvous with Gemini 6.
Gemini 6 (USA)	Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford	15-Dec-65	16-Dec-65	1d:01h:51m	First manned rendezvous, to within 2 feet of Gemini 7 (as planned Agena was lost).
Gemini 8 (USA)	Neil Armstrong, David Scott	16-Mar-66	17-Mar-66	10h:41m	First docking (with Agena) of one space vehicle with another; emergency reentry after control malfunction; first Pacific landing.
Gemini 9 (USA)	Thomas Stafford, Eugene Cernan	3-Jun-66	6-Jun-66	3d:00h:21m	127 min EVA by Cernan; rendezvous but no docking with target; landed 1/2 mile from recovery ship.
Gemini 10 (USA)	John Young, Michael Collins	18-Jul-66	21-Jul-66	2d:22h:47m	Docked with Agena 10 and used engine to attain record 474 mile (763 km) altitude; rendezvous with Agena 8; 39 min EVA + 49 min SEVA by Collins.
Gemini 11 (USA)	Charles Conrad, Richard Gordon	12-Sep-66	15-Sep-66	2d:23h:17m	Used Agena engine to attain record 850 mile (1369 km) altitude; 33 min EVA + 128 min SEVA by Gordon; connected Gemini and Agena by tether; first automatic computer-guided reentry.
Gemini 12 (USA)	James Lovell, Edwin Aldrin	11-Nov-66	15-Nov-66	3d:22h:35m	Final Gemini mission; Agena docking; 126 min EVA + 2 SEVA totaling 204 min by Aldrin; first work carried out during a EVA; automatic computer-guided reentry.
Soyuz 1 (USSR)	Vladimir Komarov	23-Apr-67	24-Apr-67	1d:02h:48m	Retroparachute failed to open, causing cosmonaut to be killed.
Apollo 7 (USA)	Walter Schirra, Donn Eisele, Walter Cunningham	11-Oct-68	22-Oct-68	10d:20h:09m	First piloted flight of Apollo spacecraft, command-service module only; first US 3-man flight; live TV footage of crew.
Soyuz 3 (USSR)	Georgi Beregovoi	26-Oct-68	30-Oct-68	3d:22h:51m	Rendezvous with unmanned Soyuz 2.
Apollo 8 (USA)	Frank Borman, James Lovell, William Anders	21-Dec-68	27-Dec-68	6d:03h:01m	First manned lunar orbit and piloted lunar return reentry (CSM only); first manned Saturn V; views of lunar surface televised to Earth.
Soyuz 4 (USSR)	Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev (down), Yevgeni Khrunov (down)	14-Jan-69	17-Jan-69	2d:23h:21m	First docking of two piloted spacecraft, with Soyuz 5.
Soyuz 5 (USSR)	Boris Volynov, Aleksei Yeliseyev (up), Yevgeni Khrunov (up)	15-Jan-69	18-Jan-69	3d:00h:54m	Docked with Soyuz 4; Yeliseyev and Khrunov transfered by EVA to Soyuz 4.
Apollo 9 (USA)	James McDivitt, David Scott, Russell Schweickart	3-Mar-69	13-Mar-69	10d:01h:01m	First piloted flight of lunar module (Earth orbit); 46 min Schweickart EVA tested lunar suit + 61 min SEVA by Scott.
Apollo 10 (USA)	Thomas Stafford, John Young, Eugene Cernan	18-May-69	26-May-69	8d:00h:03m	First lunar module orbit of Moon, descent to within 50,000 feet (15,000 meters) of Moon's surface; holds manned speed record, 6.8863 mi/s (11.0825 km/s) at atmosphere entry.
Apollo 11 (USA)	Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin Aldrin	16-Jul-69	24-Jul-69	8d:03h:19m	First lunar landing made by Armstrong and Aldrin (20-Jul); 151 min lunar EVA; collected 48.5 lb (22 kg) of soil & rock samples; lunar stay time 21h:36m.
Soyuz 6 (USSR)	Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov	11-Oct-69	16-Oct-69	4d:22h:43m	Rendezvous with Soyuz 7/8; first welding of metals in space.
Soyuz 7 (USSR)	Anatoli Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko	12-Oct-69	17-Oct-69	4d:22h:40m	Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/8; space lab construction test made; first time 3 spacecraft, 7 crew members orbited the Earth at once.
Soyuz 8 (USSR)	Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev	13-Oct-69	18-Oct-69	4d:22h:51m	Triple rendezvous with Soyuz 6/7; part of space lab construction team.
Apollo 12 (USA)	Charles Conrad, Richard Gordon, Alan Bean	14-Nov-69	24-Nov-69	10d:04h:36m	Conrad and Bean made second Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 465 min; collected 74.7 lb (33.9 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 31h:31m.
Apollo 13 (USA)	James Lovell, John Swigart, Fred Haise	11-Apr-70	17-Apr-70	5d:22h:55m	Mission aborted following service module oxygen tank explosion; crew returned safely using lunar module; circumlunar return; holds manned altitude record, 248,665 miles (400,187 km) above Earth's surface.
Soyuz 9 (USSR)	Andrian Nikolayev, Vitali Sevastyanov	1-Jun-70	19-Jun-70	17d:16h:59m	This flight marked the beginning of working in space under weightless conditions; endurance record for solo craft remains.
Apollo 14 (USA)	Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, Edgar Mitchell	31-Jan-71	9-Feb-71	9d:00h:02m	Shepard and Mitchell made third Moon landing; 2 lunar EVAs totaling 563 min; collected 96 lb (43.5 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 33h:31m.
Salyut 1 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	19-Apr-71	11-Oct-71	175d	First space station; occupied by Soyuz 11 crew for 23 days.
Soyuz 10 (USSR)	Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Nikolai Rukavishnikov	22-Apr-71	24-Apr-71	1d:23h:46m	Adjustment of an improved docking bay between the spacecraft and the orbiting Salyut space station, but no cosmonauts entered the orbiting station.
Soyuz 11 (USSR)	Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Patsayev	6-Jun-71	29-Jun-71	23d:18h:22m	Docked and entered Salyut 1 space station; orbited in Salyut 1 for 23 days; crew died during reentry from loss of pressurization.
Apollo 15 (USA)	David Scott, Alfred Worden, James Irwin	26-Jul-71	7-Aug-71	12d:07h:12m	Scott and Irwin made fourth Moon landing; first lunar rover use; first deep spacewalk; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 19h:8m; 33 min SEVA by Scott; collected 170 lb (77 kg) of samples; lunar stay time 66h:54m; 38 min Worden EVA-Irwin SEVA; subsatellite released.
Apollo 16 (USA)	John Young, Thomas Mattingly, Charles Duke	16-Apr-72	27-Apr-72	11d:01h:51m	Young and Duke made fifth Moon landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 20h:14m; collected 213 lb (97 kg) of lunar samples; lunar stay time 71:14; 73 min Mattingly EVA-Duke SEVA; subsatellite released
Apollo 17 (USA)	Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, Harrison Schmitt	7-Dec-72	19-Dec-72	12d:13h:52m	Cernan and Schmitt made sixth piloted lunar landing; 3 lunar EVAs totaling 22h:4m; collected 243 lb (110 kg) of samples; record lunar stay of 74:59; 66 min Evans EVA-Schmitt SEVA.
Skylab 1 (USA)	Unmanned space station	14-May-73	11-Jul-79	2,249d	First U.S. space station; occupied by Skylab 2, 3 & 4 crews.
Skylab 2 (USA)	Charles Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, Paul Weitz	25-May-73	22-Jun-73	28d:00h:50m	First American piloted orbiting space station; made long-flight tests, crew repaired damage caused during boost; 2 EVAs totaling 5h:14m + 75 min SEVA.
Skylab 3 (USA)	Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, Jack Lousma	28-Jul-73	25-Sep-73	59d:11h:10m	Crew systems and operational tests, exceeded pre-mission plans for scientific activities; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:46m.
Soyuz 12 (USSR)	Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	27-Sep-73	29-Sep-73	1d:23h:16m	After Soyuz 11 accident, new life support equipment was tested.
Skylab 4 (USA)	Gerald Carr, Edward Gibson, William Pogue	16-Nov-73	8-Feb-74	84d:01h:15m	Final Skylab mission; endurance record until Soyuz 26-Salyut 6; 4 EVAs totaling 22h:21m, set then-record spacewalk of 7h:1m.
Soyuz 13 (USSR)	Pyotr Klimuk, Valentin Lebedev	18-Dec-73	26-Dec-73	7d:20h:56m	Astrophysical observations made with Orion ultraviolet telescope; Earth is photographed.
Salyut 3 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	25-Jun-74	24-Jan-75	213d	2nd space station; occupied by Soyuz 14 crew.
Soyuz 14 (USSR)	Pavel Popovich, Yuri Artyukhin	3-Jul-74	19-Jul-74	15d:17h:30m	Sole occupation of Salyut 3 (no docking).
Soyuz 15 (USSR)	Gennadi Sarafanov, Lev Demin	26-Aug-74	28-Aug-74	2d:00h:12m	Failed to dock with Salyut 3 because of Soyuz systems failures; first return to Earth during the night.
Soyuz 16 (USSR)	Anatoli Filipchenko, Nikolai Rukavishnikov	2-Dec-74	8-Dec-74	5d:22h:24m	Trial run with a modified Soyuz capable of docking with the U.S. Apollo spacecraft.
Salyut 4 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	26-Dec-74	3-Feb-77	770d	3rd space station; occupied by 2 crews for 93 days.
Soyuz 17 (USSR)	Aleksey Gubarev, Georgi Grechko	10-Jan-75	9-Feb-75	29d:13h:20m	First Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record.
Soyuz 18A (USSR)	Vasili Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	5-Apr-75	5-Apr-75	21m:27s	Launch to Salyut 4 aborted when stage 1 failed to separate; 14g reentry.
Soyuz 18B (USSR)	Pyotr Klimuk, Vitali Sevastyanov	24-May-75	26-Jul-75	62d:23h:20m	2nd Salyut 4 occupation; Soviet endurance record.
Soyuz 19-ASTP (USSR)	Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov	15-Jul-75	21-Jul-75	5d:22h:31m	First U.S./USSR joint flight; docked with Apollo 18 for 2 days; conducted experiments, shared meals, and held a joint news conference.
Apollo 18-ASTP (USA)	Thomas Stafford, Vance Brand, Donald Slayton	15-Jul-75	24-Jul-75	9d:01h:28m	Joint flight with Soyuz 19.
Salyut 5 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	22-Jun-76	8-Aug-77	412d	4th space station; occupied by 2 crews for 65 days.
Soyuz 21 (USSR)	Boris Volynov, Vitali Zholobov	6-Jul-76	24-Aug-76	49d:06h:24m	First Salyut 5 occupation (48 days); acid fumes forced return.
Soyuz 22 (USSR)	Valeri Bykovsky, Vladimir Aksyonov	15-Sep-76	23-Sep-76	7d:21h:52m	Spacecraft was modified to enable the crew to photograph the Earth.
Soyuz 23 (USSR)	Vyacheslav Zudov, Valeri Rozhdestvensky	14-Oct-76	16-Oct-76	2d:00h:07m	Docking between the spacecraft and Salyut 5 failed; first Soviet splashdown after emergency return.
Soyuz 24 (USSR)	Viktor Gorbatko, Yuri Glazkov	7-Feb-77	25-Feb-77	17d:17h:26m	2nd Salyut 5 occupation.
Salyut 6 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	29-Sep-77	28-Jul-82	1763d	5th space station; occupied for 676 days by 5 long stay + 11 visiting crews.
Soyuz 25 (USSR)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Valeri Ryumin	9-Oct-77	11-Oct-77	2d:00h:45m	The planned manual docking with Salyut 6 failed.
Soyuz 26 (USSR)	Yuri Romanenko (up), Georgi Grechko (up), Vladimir Dzhanibekov (down), Oleg Makarov (down)	10-Dec-77	16-Jan-78	37d:10h:06m	First Salyut 6 occupation, returned in Soyuz 27; Progress 1 resupplies the orbiting complex.
Soyuz 27 (USSR)	Vladimir Dzhanibekov (up), Oleg Makarov (up), Yuri Romanenko (down), Georgi Grechko (down)	10-Jan-78	16-Mar-78	64d:22h:53m	First space station dual occupancy; returned in Soyuz 26.
Soyuz 28 (USSR)	Aleksey Gubarev, Vladimir Remek	2-Mar-78	10-Mar-78	7d:22h:16m	First international crew (USSR and Czechoslovakia), to Salyut 6.
Soyuz 29 (USSR)	Vladimir Kovalyonok (up), Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (up), Valeri Bykovsky (down), Sigmund Jaehn (down)	15-Jun-78	3-Sep-78	79d:15h:24m	First 100+ day flight, to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 31: Progress 2, 3 & 4 resupply the orbiting complex.
Soyuz 30 (USSR)	Pyotr Klimuk, Miroslav Hermaszewski	27-Jun-78	5-Jul-78	7d:22h:03m	2nd international crew (USSR and Poland), to Salyut 6.
Soyuz 31 (USSR)	Valeri Bykovsky (up), Sigmund Jaehn (up), Vladimir Kovalyonok (down), Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (down)	26-Aug-78	2-Nov-78	67d:20h:13m	3rd international crew (USSR and East Germany), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 29.
Soyuz 32 (USSR)	Vladimir Lyakhov (up), Valeri Ryumin (up), unmanned (down)	25-Feb-79	13-Jun-79	108d:04h:25m	Cosmonauts board Salyut 6; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 34: Progress 5, 6 and 7 resupply the orbiting complex.
Soyuz 33 (USSR)	Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Georgi Ivanov	10-Apr-79	12-Apr-79	1d:23h:01m	4th international crew (USSR and Bulgaria); failed to dock with Salyut 6 after engine failure.
Soyuz 34 (USSR)	Unmanned (up), Vladimir Lyakhov (down), Valeri Ryumin (down)	6-Jun-79	19-Aug-79	73d:18h:17m	Delivered for Soyuz 32 crew return to compensate for Soyuz 33 failure.
Soyuz 35 (USSR)	Leonid Popov (up), Valeri Ryumin (up), Valeri Kubasov (down), Bertalan Farkas (down)	19-Apr-80	3-Jun-80	55d:01h:28m	4th Salyut 6 long stay; endurance record; returned in Soyuz 37: Progress 8, 9 and 11 resupply the orbiting complex.
Soyuz 36 (USSR)	Valeri Kubasov (up), Bertalan Farkas (up), Viktor Gorbatko (down), Pham Tuan (down)	26-May-80	31-Jul-80	65d:20h:54m	5th international crew (USSR and Hungary), to Salyut 6; returned to Soyuz 35.
Soyuz T-2 (USSR)	Yuri Malyshev, Vladimir Aksyonov	5-Jun-80	9-Jun-80	3d:22h:20m	First manned space flight of the new spacecraft; manual docking with Salyut 6.
Soyuz 37 (USSR)	Viktor Gorbatko (up), Pham Tuan (up), Leonid Popov (down), Valeri Ryumin (down)	23-Jul-80	11-Oct-80	79d:15h:17m	6th international crew (USSR and Vietnam), to Salyut 6; returned in Soyuz 36.
Soyuz 38 (USSR)	Yuri Romanenko, Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez	18-Sep-80	26-Sep-80	7d:20h:43m	7th international crew (USSR and Cuba), to Salyut 6.
Soyuz T-3 (USSR)	Leonid Kizim, Oleg Makarov, Gennadi Strekalov	27-Nov-80	10-Dec-80	12d:19h:08m	Resumption of 3-man flights; Salyut 6 repair work: Progress 11 resupplies the orbiting complex.
Soyuz T-4 (USSR)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Viktor Savinykh	12-Mar-81	26-May-81	74d:17h:37m	Last Salyut 6 long-stay; 50th Soviet/100th spaceman: Progress 12 resupplies the orbiting complex.
Soyuz 39 (USSR)	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha	22-Mar-81	30-Mar-81	7d:20h:42m	8th international crew (USSR and Mongolia), to Salyut 6.
STS-1, Columbia (USA)	John Young, Robert Crippen	12-Apr-81	14-Apr-81	2d:06h:22m	First space shuttle flight; orbital test flight; some thermal tiles lost.
Soyuz 40 (USSR)	Leonid Popov, Dumitru Prunariu	14-May-81	22-May-81	7d:21h:42m	9th international crew (USSR and Romania), to Salyut 6; last flight of old Soyuz design.
STS-2, Columbia (USA)	Joseph Engle, Richard Truly	12-Nov-81	14-Nov-81	2d:06h:14m	First reuse of space shuttle; 2nd orbital test flight; test of Canadian robot arm (RMS); 5-day mission halved by fuel cell fault.
STS-3, Columbia (USA)	Jack Lousma, Gorden Fullerton	22-Mar-82	30-Mar-82	8d:00h:06m	Third orbital test flight; first experiements; payload: astronomy; landing delayed 1 day by storm.
Salyut 7 (USSR)	Unmanned space station	19-Apr-82	7-Feb-91	3216d	6th space station; occupied for 812 days by 10 crews.
Soyuz T-5 (USSR)	Anatoli Berezovoi (up), Valentin Lebedev (up), Leonid Popov (down), Aleksandr Serebrov (down), Svetlana Savitskaya (down)	13-May-82	27-Aug-82	106d:05h:06m	First Salyut 7 occupation + long stay; returned in Soyuz T-7: Progress 13, 14, 15 and 16 resupply the orbiting complex.
Soyuz T-6 (USSR)	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, Jean-Loup Chretien	24-Jun-82	2-Jul-82	7d:21h:51m	10th international crew (USSR and France), to Salyut 7.
STS-4, Columbia (USA)	Thomas Mattingly, Henry Hartsfield	27-Jun-82	4-Jul-82	7d:01h:11m	Last orbital test flight; first concrete runway landing; SRBs lost; beginning of operations; payload: military.
Soyuz T-7 (USSR)	Leonid Popov (up), Aleksandr Serebrov (up), Svetlana Savitskaya (up), Anatoli Berezovoi (down), Valentin Lebedev (down)	19-Aug-82	10-Dec-82	113d:01h:51m	Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya is 2nd woman in space; returned in Soyuz T-5.
STS-5, Columbia (USA)	Vance Brand, Robert Overmyer, Joseph Allen, William Lenoir	11-Nov-82	16-Nov-82	5d:02h:15m	First operational space shuttle mission; first 4-person crew; depolyed 2 communications satellites (COMSATs); EVA cancelled.
STS-6, Challenger (USA)	Paul Weitz, Karol Bobko, Donald Peterson, Story Musgrave	4-Apr-83	9-Apr-83	5d:00h:25m	First Challenger flight; first shuttle EVA; Tracking & Data Relay Satellite (TDRS).
Soyuz T-8 (USSR)	Vladimir Titov, Gennadi Strekalov, Aleksandr Serebrov	20-Apr-83	22-Apr-83	2d:00h:18m	Failed to dock with Salyut 7 for long stay; radar failed and manual approach aborted.
STS-7, Challenger (USA)	Robert Crippen, Frederick Hauck, John Fabian, Sally Ride, Norman Thagard	18-Jun-83	24-Jun-83	6d:02h:25m	Ride first U.S. woman in space; first 5-person crew; 2 COMSATs, German platform SPAS-1.
Soyuz T-9 (USSR)	Vladimir Lyakhov, Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov	27-Jun-83	23-Nov-83	149d:10h:46m	Salyut 7 long stay; 2 EVAs added 2 solar panels: Progress 18 resupplies the orbiting complex.
STS-8, Challenger (USA)	Richard Truly, Daniel Brandenstein, Dale Gardner, Guion Bluford, William Thornton	30-Aug-83	5-Sep-83	6d:01h:10m	Bluford first U.S. black in space; first night launch/ landing; 1 communications satellite deployed.
Soyuz T-10A (USSR)	Vladimir Titov, Gennadi Strekalov	26-Sep-83	26-Sep-83	05m:13s	Launchpad fire, first use of escape tower. Descent module re-used by T-15.
STS-9, Columbia (USA)	John Young, Brewster Shaw, Owen Garriott, Robert Parker, Byron Lichtenberg, Ulf Merbold	28-Nov-83	8-Dec-83	10d:07h:48m	Merbold first German on U.S. mission; first 6-person crew; first Spacelab Mission (SL-1).
41-B, Challenger (USA)	Vance Brand, Robert Gibson, Bruce McCandless, Ronald McNair, Robert Stewart	3-Feb-84	11-Feb-84	7d:23h:17m	First untethered EVA & testing of MMU jetpack; first Kennedy Space Center landing; 2 COMSATs.
Soyuz T-10B (USSR)	Leonid Kizim (up), Vladimir Solovyov (up), Oleg Atkov (up), Yuri Malyshev (down), Gennadi Strekalov (down), Rakesh Sharma (down)	8-Feb-84	11-Apr-84	62:22h:41m	First long-stay triple crew, to Salyut 7; 6 EVAs totaling 22h:56m; returned in Soyuz T-11.
Soyuz T-11 (USSR)	Yuri Malyshev (up), Gennadi Strekalov (up), Rakesh Sharma (up), Leonid Kizim (down), Vladimir Solovyov (down), Oleg Atkov (down)	3-Apr-84	2-Oct-84	181d:21h:49m	11th international crew (USSR and India), to Salyut 7; returned in Soyuz T-10B.
41-C, Challenger (USA)	Robert Crippen, Francis Scobee, George Nelson, James van Hoften, Terry Hart	6-Apr-84	13-Apr-84	6d:23h:41m	First in-orbit satellite retrieval/repair (SMM); LDEF deployment.
Soyuz T-12 (USSR)	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya, Igor Volk	17-Jul-84	29-Jul-84	11d:19h:15m	Salyut 7 visit; Savitskaya makes first EVA by a woman (3h:45m).
41-D, Discovery (USA)	Henry Hartsfield, Michael Coats, Judith Resnik, Steven Hawley, Richard Mullane, Charles Walker	30-Aug-84	5-Sep-84	6d:00h:57m	First flight of Discovery; first commercial payload specialist; 3 communications satellites.
41-G, Challenger (USA)	Robert Crippen, Jon McBride, Kathryn Sullivan, Sally Ride, David Leestma, Marc Garneau, Paul Scully-Power	5-Oct-84	13-Oct-84	8d:05h:25m	Garneau first Canadian in space; first 7-person crew; first U.S. woman EVA (Sullivan); first 2-women flight; Environmental satellite ERBS.
51-A, Discovery (USA)	Frederick Hauck, David Walker, Anna Fisher, Dale Gardner, Joseph Allen	8-Nov-84	16-Nov-84	7d:23h:46m	First satellite retrieval/return; 2 COMSATs.
51-C, Discovery (USA)	Thomas Mattingly, Loren Shriver, Ellison Onizuka, James Buchli, Gary Payton	24-Jan-85	27-Jan-85	3d:01h:34m	First mission dedicated to Dept. of Defense (DOD); classified military payload deployed; 100th manned orbital mission.
51-D, Discovery (USA)	Karol Bobko, Donald Williams, Rhea Seddon, Jeffrey Hoffman, David Griggs, Charles Walker, Jake Garn	12-Apr-85	19-Apr-85	6d:23h:56m	Garn first U.S. senator in space; 2 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite.
51-B, Challenger (USA)	Robert Overmyer, Frederick Gregory, Don Lind, Norman Thagard, William Thornton, Lodewijk van den Berg, Taylor Wang	29-Apr-85	6-May-85	7d:00h:10m	2nd Spacelab science mission; 1 satellite released .
Soyuz T-13 (USSR)	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Viktor Savinykh (up), Georgi Grechko (down)	6-Jun-85	26-Sep-85	112d:03h:12m	Reactivation of Salyut 7; Savinykh stayed with Soyuz T-14 crew: Progress 24 resupplies the station.
51-G, Discovery (USA)	Daniel Brandenstein, John Creighton, Shannon Lucid, John Fabian, Steven Nagel, Patrick Baudry, Sultan Salman Al-Saud	17-Jun-85	24-Jun-85	7d:01h:40m	Al-Saud first Arab in space; Baudry first Frenchman on U.S. mission; 3 communications satellites.
51-F, Challenger (USA)	Gorden Fullerton, Roy Bridges, Story Musgrave, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Loren Acton, John-David Bartoe	29-Jul-85	6-Aug-85	7d:22h:46m	3rd Spacelab astronomy/science mission.
51-I, Discovery (USA)	Joseph Engle, Richard Covey, James van Hoften, John Lounge, William Fisher	27-Aug-85	3-Sep-85	7d:02h:18m	3 COMSATs, EVA to repair Syncom IV satellite.
Soyuz T-14 (USSR)	Vladimir Vasyutin, Aleksandr Volkov, Georgi Grechko (up), Viktor Savinykh (down)	17-Sep-85	21-Nov-85	64d:21h:52m	Salyut 7; first mission to be ended by illness (Vasyutin); Grechko returned with Soyuz T-13.
51-J, Atlantis (USA)	Karol Bobko, Ronald Grabe, David Hilmers, Robert Stewart, William Pailes	3-Oct-85	7-Oct-85	4d:01h:46m	First flight of Atlantis; 2nd DOD mission: details classfied.
61-A, Challenger (USA)	Henry Hartsfield, Steven Nagel, James Buchli, Guion Bluford, Bonnie Dunbar, Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid, Wubbo Ockels	30-Oct-85	6-Nov-85	7d:00h:46m	Ockels first Dutchman in space; first 8-person crew; 1st German Spacelab mission (D1).
61-B, Atlantis (USA)	Brewster Shaw, Bryan O'Conner, Mary Cleave, Sherwood Spring, Jerry Ross, Rodolfo Neri Vela, Charles Walker	27-Nov-85	3-Dec-85	6d:21h:06m	Vela first Mexican in space; 3 COMSATs, space structures assembly test.
61-C, Columbia (USA)	Robert Gibson, Charles Bolden, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Steven Hawley, George Nelson, Robert Cenker, Bill Nelson	12-Jan-86	18-Jan-86	6d:02h:05m	Bill Nelson first U.S. congressman in space; 1 COMSAT, material & astronomy experiments.
51-L, Challenger (USA)	Francis Scobee, Michael Smith, Judith Resnik, Ellison Onizuka, Ronald McNair, Gregory Jarvis, Christa McAuliffe	28-Jan-86	None	01m:13s	Exploded during liftoff, all were killed.
Mir (USSR)	Unmanned space station	20-Feb-86	23-Mar-01	5,510d	New-generation space station with 6 docking ports; occupied by multiple crews.
Soyuz T-15 (USSR)	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov	13-Mar-86	16-Jul-86	125d:00h:01m	First Mir occupation; excursion to Salyut 7 5-May to 26-Jun; two Salyut EVAs totaling 8h:50m; re-used descent module from T-10A abort.
Soyuz TM-2 (USSR)	Aleksandr Laveykin, Yuri Romanenko (up), Aleksandr Viktorenko (down), Mohammed Faris (down)	5-Feb-87	30-Jul-87	174d:03h:26m	2nd Mir long stay; Romanenko remained at station and set new endurance record, returned in Soyuz TM-3.
Soyuz TM-3 (USSR)	Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Viktorenko (up), Mohammed Faris (up), Yuri Romanenko (down), Anatoli Levchenko (down)	22-Jul-87	29-Dec-87	160d:07h:17m	Mir visit; Aleksandrov remained at station replacing Laveykin; Viktorenko & Faris (Syria) returned in Soyuz TM-2.
Soyuz TM-4 (USSR)	Vladimir Titov (up), Musa Manarov (up), Anatoli Levchenko (up), Anatoliy Solovyov (down), Viktor Savinykh (down), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (down)	21-Dec-87	17-Jun-88	178d:22h:54m	3rd Mir long stay occupation; Titov & Manarov swapped with Romanenko & Aleksandrov; endurance record; 3 EVAs totaling 13h:40m; returned in Soyuz TM-6.
Soyuz TM-5 (USSR)	Anatoliy Solovyov (up), Viktor Savinykh (up), Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (up), Vladimir Lyakhov (down), Abdul Mohmand (down)	7-Jun-88	7-Sep-88	91d:10h:46m	Mir visit; all returned in Soyuz TM-4.
Soyuz TM-6 (USSR)	Vladimir Lyakhov (up), Valeri Polyakov (up), Abdul Mohmand (up), Vladimir Titov (down), Musa Manarov (down), Jean-Loup Chretien (down)	29-Aug-88	21-Dec-88	114d:05h:34m	4th Mir long stay; physician Polyakov remained with Titov & Manarov; Mohmand first Afghan in space, returned in TM-5.
STS-26, Discovery (USA)	Frederick Hauck, Richard Covey, John Lounge, George Nelson, David Hilmers	29-Sep-88	3-Oct-88	4d:01h:01m	Redesigned shuttle makes first flight; Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-C.
Soyuz TM-7 (USSR)	Aleksandr Volkov, Sergei Krikalyov, Jean-Loup Chretien (up), Valeri Polyakov (down)	26-Nov-88	27-Apr-89	151d:11h:08m	5th Mir long stay; Volkov & Krikalyov swapped with Titov & Manarov; Chretien EVA, returned in Soyuz TM-6; Volkov & Krikalyov in TM-7.
STS-27, Atlantis (USA)	Robert Gibson, Guy Gardner, Richard Mullane, Jerry Ross, William Shepherd	2-Dec-88	6-Dec-88	4d:09h:06m	3rd DOD mission; first Lacrosse imaging radar satellite for all-weather day/night reconnaissance.
STS-29, Discovery (USA)	Michael Coats, John Blaha, James Bagian, James Buchli, Robert Springer	13-Mar-89	18-Mar-89	4d:23h:40m	Data Relay Satellite TDRS-D, experiments.
STS-30, Atlantis (USA)	David Walker, Ronald Grabe, Norman Thagard, Mary Cleave, Mark Lee	4-May-89	8-May-89	4d:00h:58m	Magellan Venus orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Venus Aug 1990.
STS-28, Columbia (USA)	Brewster Shaw, Richard Richards, James Adamson, David Leestma, Mark Brown	8-Aug-89	13-Aug-89	5d:01h:01m	4th DOD mission; deployed military satellite for relaying reconnaissance satellite imagery?
Soyuz TM-8 (USSR)	Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Serebrov	5-Sep-89	19-Feb-90	166d:06h:58m	5th Mir long stay; received Kvant 2; 5 EVAs including 2 with maneuvring backpack.
STS-34, Atlantis (USA)	Donald Williams, Michael McCulley, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Shannon Lucid, Ellen Baker	18-Oct-89	23-Oct-89	4d:23h:40m	Galileo Jupiter orbiter launched on IUS stage, arrived Jupiter Dec 1995.
STS-33, Discovery (USA)	Frederick Gregory, John Blaha, Story Musgrave, Manley Carter, Kathryn Thornton	23-Nov-89	28-Nov-89	5d:00h:08m	5th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite?
STS-32, Columbia (USA)	Daniel Brandenstein, James Wetherbee, Bonnie Dunbar, David Low, Marsha Ivins	9-Jan-90	20-Jan-90	10d:21h:02m	Deployed 1 COMSAT, retrieved/returned Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF).
Soyuz TM-9 (USSR)	Anatoliy Solovyov, Aleksandr Balandin	11-Feb-90	9-Aug-90	179d:01h:18m	6th Mir long stay; received Kristall; two EVAs.
STS-36, Atlantis (USA)	John Creighton, John Casper, Richard Mullane, David Hilmers, Pierre Thuot	28-Feb-90	4-Mar-90	4d:10h:19m	6th DOD mission; deployed reconnaissance satellite.
STS-31, Discovery (USA)	Loren Shriver, Charles Bolden, Steven Hawley, Bruce McCandless, Kathryn Sullivan	24-Apr-90	29-Apr-90	5d:01h:17m	Deployed Hubble Space Telescope (HST); set Shuttle altitude record of 385 miles (619 km).
Soyuz TM-10 (USSR)	Gennadi Manakov, Gennadi Strekalov, Toyohiro Akiyama (down)	1-Aug-90	10-Dec-90	130d:20h:36m	7th Mir long stay; emphasised Kristall materials processing, one EVA.
STS-41, Discovery (USA)	Richard Richards, Robert Cabana, William Shepherd, Bruce Melnick, Thomas Akers	6-Oct-90	10-Oct-90	4d:02h:11m	Ulysses solar probe launched on IUS stage.
STS-38, Atlantis (USA)	Richard Covey, Frank Culbertson, Robert Springer, Carl Meade, Charles Gemar	15-Nov-90	20-Nov-90	4d:21h:55m	7th DOD mission; deployed intelligence satellite?
STS-35, Columbia (USA)	Vance Brand, Guy Gardner, Jeffrey Hoffman, John Lounge, Robert Parker, Samuel Durrance, Ronald Parise	2-Dec-90	11-Dec-90	8d:23h:06m	Astronomy Spacelab ASTRO, UV/X-ray telescopes.
Soyuz TM-11 (USSR)	Viktor Afanasyev, Musa Manarov, Toyohiro Akiyama (up), Helen Sharman (down)	2-Dec-90	26-May-91	175d:01h:51m	8th Mir long stay; 4 EVAs; Akiyama first Japanese in space, returned in Soyuz TM-10.
STS-37, Atlantis (USA)	Steven Nagel, Kenneth Cameron, Jerry Ross, Jay Apt, Linda Godwin	5-Apr-91	11-Apr-91	5d:23h:34m	Deployed Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO); 2 EVAs (first since 1985).
STS-39, Discovery (USA)	Michael Coats, Blaine Hammond, Guion Bluford, Gregory Harbaugh, Richard Hieb, Donald McMonagle, Charles Veach	28-Apr-91	6-May-91	8d:07h:23m	Infrared astronomy experiments.
Soyuz TM-12 (USSR)	Anatoli Artsebarsky, Sergei Krikalyov (up), Helen Sharman (up), Toktar Aubakirov (down), Franz Viehboeck (down)	18-May-91	10-Oct-91	144d:15h:22m	9th Mir long stay; Sharman first Briton in space, returned in Soyuz TM-11; Artsebarsly in TM-12, Krikalyov in TM-13; 6 EVAs totaling 31h:58m.
STS-40, Columbia (USA)	Bryan O'Conner, Sidney Gutierrez, Rhea Seddon, James Bagian, Tamara Jernigan, Drew Gaffney, Millie Hughes-Fulford	5-Jun-91	14-Jun-91	9d:02h:15m	First Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-1); first dedicated life sciences research.
STS-43, Atlantis (USA)	John Blaha, Michael Baker, Shannon Lucid, James Adamson, David Low	2-Aug-91	11-Aug-91	8d:21h:22m	Tracking/Data Relay Satellite TDRS-E; Lucid first woman to make 3 fights.
STS-48, Discovery (USA)	John Creighton, Kenneth Reightler, James Buchli, Charles Gemar, Mark Brown	12-Sep-91	18-Sep-91	5d:08h:28m	Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) deployed.
Soyuz TM-13 (USSR)	Aleksandr Volkov, Toktar Aubakirov (up), Franz Viehboeck (up), Sergei Krikalyov (down), Klaus-Dietrich Flade (down)	2-Oct-91	25-Mar-92	175d:02h:52m	10th Mir long stay; first mission with 2 researchers; Viehboeck first Austrian & Aubakirov first Kazakh in space, returned in Soyuz TM-12; Volkov in TM-13; one EVA.
STS-44, Atlantis (USA)	Frederick Gregory, Terrence Henricks, Story Musgrave, Mario Runco, James Voss, Thomas Hennen	24-Nov-91	1-Dec-91	6d:22h:52m	DOD satellite, contaminations research.
STS-42, Discovery (USA)	Ronald Grabe, Stephen Oswald, Norman Thagard, David Hilmers, William Readdy, Roberta Bondar, Ulf Merbold	22-Jan-92	30-Jan-92	8d:01h:16m	Spacelab International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1).
Soyuz TM-14 (Russia)	Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Kaleri, Klaus-Dietrich Flade (up), Michel Tognini (down)	17-Mar-92	10-Aug-92	145d:14h:11m	11th Mir long stay; Flade (Germany), returned in Soyuz TM-13; Viktorenko & Kaleri in TM-14; 123m EVA.
STS-45, Atlantis (USA)	Charles Bolden, Brian Duffy, Kathryn Sullivan, David Leestma, Michael Foale, Byron Lichtenberg, Dirk Frimout	24-Mar-92	2-Apr-92	8d:22h:10m	Frimout first Belgian in space; Atmospheric Lab for Applications & Science (ATLAS-1).
STS-49, Endeavour (USA)	Daniel Brandenstein, Kevin Chilton, Pierre Thuot, Kathryn Thornton, Richard Hieb, Thomas Akers, Bruce Melnick	7-May-92	16-May-92	8d:21h:19m	First Endeavour flight; 4 EVAs by 4 crew totaling duration record 60.1 manhours; first 3-person EVA; Intelsat-VI recovery and redeployment.
STS-50, Columbia (USA)	Richard Richards, Kenneth Bowersox, Bonnie Dunbar, Ellen Baker, Carl Meade, Lawrence DeLucas, Eugene Trinh	25-Jun-92	9-Jul-92	13d:19h:31m	US Microgravity Laboratory (USML-1); first Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO); Shuttle duration record.
Soyuz TM-15 (Russia)	Anatoliy Solovyov, Sergei Avdeyev, Michel Tognini (up)	27-Jul-92	1-Feb-93	188d:21h:41m	12th Mir long stay; Togini (France) returned in Soyuz TM-14, Solovyov & Avdeyev in TM-15; 4 EVAs totaling 18h:21m.
STS-46, Atlantis (USA)	Loren Shriver, Andrew Allen, Jeffrey Hoffman, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Claude Nicollier, Marsha Ivins, Franco Malerba	31-Jul-92	8-Aug-92	7d:23h:16m	Nicollier first Swiss and Malerba first Italian in space; EURECA platform deployment; tether experiment TSS-1.
STS-47, Endeavour (USA)	Robert Gibson, Curtis Brown, Mark Lee, Jan Davis, Jay Apt, Mae Jemison, Mamoru Mohri	12-Sep-92	20-Sep-92	7d:22h:31m	50th shuttle mission; Jemison 1st black woman in space; Mohri 1st Japanese national; Lee & Davis 1st married couple to travel together in space; first Japanese Spacelab (SL-J).
STS-52, Columbia (USA)	James Wetherbee, Michael Baker, Charles Veach, William Shepherd, Tamara Jernigan, Steven MacLean	22-Oct-92	1-Nov-92	9d:20h:57m	Deployment of LAGEOS 2; US Microgravity Payload (USMP); materials experiments.
STS-53, Discovery (USA)	David Walker, Robert Cabana, Guion Bluford, James Voss, Michael Clifford	2-Dec-92	9-Dec-92	7d:07h:21m	Last DOD mission; DOD satellite deployed; laser experiment.
STS-54, Endeavour (USA)	John Casper, Donald McMonagle, Mario Runco, Gregory Harbaugh, Susan Helms	13-Jan-93	19-Jan-93	5d:23h:39m	Deployment of TDRS-F, Differential X-ray Experiment (DXS), 268 min EVA.
Soyuz TM-16 (Russia)	Gennadi Manakov, Aleksandr Polishchuk, Jean-Pierre Haignere (down)	24-Jan-93	22-Jul-93	179d:00h:44m	13th Mir long stay; first docking with Kristall androgynous port; two EVAs.
STS-56, Discovery (USA)	Kenneth Cameron, Stephen Oswald, Michael Foale, Kenneth Cockrell, Ellen Ochoa	8-Apr-93	17-Apr-93	9d:06h:09m	Crew included the 300th human in space; Ochoa 1st Hispanic woman in space; 2nd Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-2, SPARTAN-2.
STS-55, Columbia (USA)	Steven Nagel, Terrence Henricks, Jerry Ross, Charles Precourt, Bernard Harris, Ulrich Walter, Hans Schlegel	26-Apr-93	6-May-93	9d:23h:41m	2nd German Spacelab mission (D2); Earth observation & astronomy experiments; Shuttle program exceeded 1 year aggregate flight time.
STS-57, Endeavour (USA)	Ronald Grabe, Brian Duffy, David Low, Nancy Sherlock, Peter Wisoff, Janice Voss	21-Jun-93	1-Jul-93	9d:23h:46m	First Spacehab; EURECA retrival; GAS; EVA.
Soyuz TM-17 (Russia)	Vasili Tsibliyev, Aleksandr Serebrov, Jean-Pierre Haignere (up)	1-Jul-93	14-Jan-94	196d:17h:45m	14th Mir long stay; Haignere (France) returned in Soyuz TM-16, Tsibliyev/ Serebrov in TM-17; five EVAs.
STS-51, Discovery (USA)	Frank Culbertson, William Readdy, James Newman, Daniel Bursch, Carl Walz	12-Sep-93	22-Sep-93	9d:20h:12m	Adv. Comsat ACTS/TOS deployed; ORFEUS-SPAS; EVA; first KSC night landing.
STS-58, Columbia (USA)	John Blaha, Richard Searfoss, Rhea Seddon, William McArthur, David Wolf, Shannon Lucid, Martin Fettman	18-Oct-93	1-Nov-93	14d:00h:14m	First dissection in space; 2nd Spacelab for Life Sciences (SLS-2); 2nd EDO, record duration.
STS-61, Endeavour (USA)	Richard Covey, Kenneth Bowersox, Story Musgrave, Kathryn Thornton, Claude Nicollier, Jeffrey Hoffman, Thomas Akers	2-Dec-93	13-Dec-93	10d:19h:59m	First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 35h:28m; Akers set new U.S. EVA duration record (29h:40m).
Soyuz TM-18 (Russia)	Viktor Afanasyev, Yuri Usachyov, Valeri Polyakov (up)	8-Jan-94	9-Jul-94	182d:00h:27m	15th Mir long stay; physicain Polyakov remained aboard for record duration, returning with Soyuz TM-20.
STS-60, Discovery (USA)	Charles Bolden, Kenneth Reightler, Jan Davis, Ronald Sega, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Sergei Krikalyov	3-Feb-94	11-Feb-94	8d:07h:10m	Krikalyov first Russian on U.S. shuttle; attempt to deploy the Wake Shield Facility (a device to create vacuums in space) failed; Spacehab 2.
STS-62, Columbia (USA)	John Casper, Andrew Allen, Pierre Thuot, Charles Gemar, Marsha Ivins	4-Mar-94	18-Mar-94	13d:23h:18m	Microgravity Payload USMP-2; OAST-2; SSBUV/A; DEE; 3rd EDO.
STS-59, Endeavour (USA)	Sidney Gutierrez, Kevin Chilton, Linda Godwin, Jay Apt, Michael Clifford, Thomas Jones	9-Apr-94	20-Apr-94	11d:05h:50m	First flight of Space Radar Lab; mapped 20% of Earth surface in three dimensions; environmental studies conducted; CONCAP-IV; GAS; NIH-Experiments; Endeavour made record 412 maneuvres.
Soyuz TM-19 (Russia)	Yuri Malenchenko, Talgat Musabayev, Ulf Merbold (down)	1-Jul-94	4-Nov-94	125d:22h:54m	16th Mir long stay, two EVAs.
STS-65, Columbia (USA)	Robert Cabana, James Halsell, Richard Hieb, Carl Walz, Leroy Chiao, Donald Thomas, Chiaki Mukai	8-Jul-94	23-Jul-94	14d:17h:56m	2-day flight of International Microgravity Laboratory IML-2; more than 80 experiments conducted; 4th EDO, record duration.
STS-64, Discovery (USA)	Richard Richards, Blaine Hammond, Jerry Linenger, Susan Helms, Carl Meade, Mark Lee	9-Sep-94	20-Sep-94	10d:22h:51m	Laser experiment LITE; SPARTAN-3; SAFER (EVA); ROMPS.
STS-68, Endeavour (USA)	Michael Baker, Terrence Wilcutt, Thomas Jones, Steven Smith, Daniel Bursch, Peter Wisoff	30-Sep-94	11-Oct-94	11d:05h:47m	Space Radar Lab SRL-2; GAS; Stamps; secondary payloads.
Soyuz TM-20 (Russia)	Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Ulf Merbold (up), Valeri Polyakov (down)	4-Oct-94	22-Mar-95	169d:05h:22m	17th Mir long stay; Merbold (ESA) returned with Soyuz TM-19.
STS-66, Atlantis (USA)	Donald McMonagle, Curtis Brown, Ellen Ochoa, Scott Parazynski, Joseph Tanner, Jean-Francois Clervoy	3-Nov-94	14-Nov-94	10d:22h:35m	Atmospheric Mission ATLAS-3; CRISTA/SPAS; ESCAPE-2.
STS-63, Discovery (USA)	James Wetherbee, Eileen Collins, Michael Foale, Janice Voss, Bernard Harris, Vladimir Titov	3-Feb-95	11-Feb-95	8d:06h:30m	Rendezvous with Mir, Spacehab 3, first female pilot (Collins); 2nd Cosmonaut; SPARTAN-4; EVA.
STS-67, Endeavour (USA)	Stephen Oswald, William Gregory, Tamara Jernigan, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Ronald Parise, Samuel Durrance	2-Mar-95	18-Mar-95	16d:15h:10m	2nd UV Astronomy Spacelab (ASTRO-2); 5th EDO, record duration.
Soyuz TM-21 (Russia)	Vladimir Dezhurov (up), Gennadi Strekalov (up), Norman Thagard (up), Anatoliy Solovyov (down), Nikolai Budarin (down)	14-Mar-95	11-Sep-95	181d:00h:41m	18th Mir long stay; Thagard first NASA researcher; all crew returning on NASA Shuttle STS-71; three EVAs.
STS-71, Atlantis (USA)	Robert Gibson, Charles Precourt, Ellen Baker, Bonnie Dunbar, Gregory Harbaugh, Anatoliy Solovyov (up), Nikolai Budarin (up), Vladimir Dezhurov (down), Gennadi Strekalov (down), Norman Thagard (down)	27-Jun-95	7-Jul-95	9d:19h:23m	First Mir docking/crew exchange, 100th US human space flight, Spacelab carried.
STS-70, Discovery (USA)	Terrence Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Nancy Currie, Donald Thomas, Mary Weber	13-Jul-95	22-Jul-95	8d:22h:21m	Deployed TDRS-G; crystal growth and biological experiments.
Soyuz TM-22 (Russia)	Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Avdeyev, Thomas Reiter	3-Sep-95	29-Feb-96	179d:01h:42m	20th Mir long stay; ESA researcher Reiter performed 2 EVAs.
STS-69, Endeavour (USA)	David Walker, Kenneth Cockrell, James Voss, James Newman, Michael Gernhardt	7-Sep-95	18-Sep-95	10d:20h:30m	Wake Shield Facility (2nd flight); SPARTAN; 30th Shuttle EVA.
STS-73, Columbia (USA)	Kenneth Bowersox, Kent Rominger, Kathryn Thornton, Catherine Coleman, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Fred Leslie, Albert Sacco	20-Oct-95	5-Nov-95	15d:21h:53m	Spacelab USML-2; educational experiments; 6th EDO.
STS-74, Atlantis (USA)	Kenneth Cameron, James Halsell, Jerry Ross, William McArthur, Chris Hadfield	12-Nov-95	20-Nov-95	8d:04h:32m	Mir-Docking/2; delivered docking unit for future Shuttle missions & new solar arrays.
STS-72, Endeavour (USA)	Brian Duffy, Brent Jett, Leroy Chiao, Daniel Barry, Winston Scott, Koichi Wakata	11-Jan-96	20-Jan-96	8d:22h:02m	Retrieved SFU Space Flyer Unit, SPARTAN/OAST Flyer, two EVAs.
Soyuz TM-23 (Russia)	Yuri Onufrienko, Yuri Usachyov, Claudie Andre-Deshays (down)	21-Feb-96	2-Sep-96	193d:19h:08m	21st Mir long stay; 6 EVAs totaling 30h:31m.
STS-75, Columbia (USA)	Andrew Allen, Scott Horowitz, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Maurizio Cheli, Jeffrey Hoffman, Claude Nicollier, Umberto Guidoni	22-Feb-96	9-Mar-96	15d:17h:41m	Microgravity Payload USMP-3; Tether Satellite TSS-1R; OARE; 7th EDO.
STS-76, Atlantis (USA)	Kevin Chilton, Richard Searfoss, Linda Godwin, Michael Clifford, Ronald Sega, Shannon Lucid (up)	22-Mar-96	31-Mar-96	9d:05h:17m	Mir-Docking/3; Spacehab short module; delivered Lucid for Mir stay; EVA mounted experiments on Mir's docking module.
STS-77, Endeavour (USA)	John Casper, Curtis Brown, Daniel Bursch, Mario Runco, Marc Garneau, Andrew Thomas	19-May-96	29-May-96	10d:00h:40m	Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE); Spacehab 4; PAMS; SPARTAN; TEAMS.
STS-78, Columbia (USA)	Terrence Henricks, Kevin Kregel, Susan Helms, Richard Linnehan, Charles Brady, Jean-Jacques Favier, Robert Thirsk	20-Jun-96	7-Jul-96	16d:21h:49m	Life & Microgravity Science Spacelab (LMS); SAREX-II; 8th EDO, record duration.
Soyuz TM-24 (Russia)	Valeri Korzun, Aleksandr Kaleri, Claudie Andre-Deshays (up), Reinhold Ewald (down)	17-Aug-96	2-Mar-97	196d:17h:26m	22nd Mir long stay; Andre-Deshays (France) returned in Soyuz TM-23; two EVAs.
STS-79, Atlantis (USA)	William Readdy, Terrence Wilcutt, Thomas Akers, Jay Apt, Carl Walz, John Blaha (up), Shannon Lucid (down)	16-Sep-96	26-Sep-96	10d:03h:20m	Mir-Docking/4; Spacehab double module; crew exchange (Blaha for Lucid); Lucid set new U.S. space endurance record (188d:4h); EVA.
STS-80, Columbia (USA)	Kenneth Cockrell, Kent Rominger, Tamara Jernigan, Thomas Jones, Story Musgrave	19-Nov-96	7-Dec-96	17d:15h:54m	Wake Shield Facility (3rd flight); ORFEUS-SPAS II; Space Experiment Module (SEM); EVA; 9th EDO, record duration.
STS-81, Atlantis (USA)	Michael Baker, Brent Jett, Peter Wisoff, John Grunsfeld, Marsha Ivins, Jerry Linenger (up), John Blaha (down)	12-Jan-97	22-Jan-97	10d:04h:56m	Mir-Docking/5; Spacehab-DM; SAREX-II; crew exchange (Linenger for Blaha).
Soyuz TM-25 (Russia)	Vasili Tsibliyev, Aleksander Lazutkin, Reinhold Ewald (up)	10-Feb-97	14-Aug-97	184d:22h:08m	23rd Mir long stay; Ewald (Germany) returned in Soyuz TM-24; collision with Progress 25-Jun-97; one EVA.
STS-82, Discovery (USA)	Kenneth Bowersox, Scott Horowitz, Joseph Tanner, Steven Hawley, Gregory Harbaugh, Mark Lee, Steven Smith	11-Feb-97	21-Feb-97	9d:23h:38m	2nd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 33h:11m, replaced 10 instruments.
STS-83, Columbia (USA)	James Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Michael Gernhardt, Donald Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris	4-Apr-97	8-Apr-97	3d:23h:14m	Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 (returned 12 days early due to fuel cell problem); Reflight as STS-94.
STS-84, Atlantis (USA)	Charles Precourt, Eileen Collins, Jean-Francois Clervoy, Carlos Noriega, Edward Lu, Yelena Kondakova, Michael Foale (up), Jerry Linenger (down)	15-May-97	24-May-97	9d:05h:21m	Mir-Docking/6; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Foale for Linenger).
STS-94, Columbia (USA)	James Halsell, Susan Still, Janice Voss, Michael Gernhardt, Donald Thomas, Roger Crouch, Greg Linteris	1-Jul-97	17-Jul-97	15d:16h:46m	Microgravity Science Lab MSL-1 reflight.
Soyuz TM-26 (Russia)	Anatoliy Solovyov, Pavel Vinogradov, Leopold Eyharts (down)	5-Aug-97	19-Feb-98	197d:17h:35m	24th Mir long stay; 7 EVAs to repair damage caused by Progress collision.
STS-85, Discovery (USA)	Curtis Brown, Kent Rominger, Jan Davis, Robert Curbeam, Stephen Robinson, Bjarni Tryggvason	7-Aug-97	19-Aug-97	11d:20h:28m	CRISTA/SPAS II; Japanese Manipulaor (MFD); small payloads.
STS-86, Atlantis (USA)	James Wetherbee, Michael Bloomfield, Scott Parazynski, Vladimir Titov, Jean-Loup Chretien, Wendy Lawrence, David Wolf (up), Michael Foale (down)	25-Sep-97	6-Oct-97	10d:19h:22m	Mir-Docking/7; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Wolf for Foale).
STS-87, Columbia (USA)	Kevin Kregel, Steve Lindsey, Kalpana Chawla, Winston Scott, Takao Doi, Leonid Kadenyuk	19-Nov-97	5-Dec-97	15d:16h:35m	Microgravity Payload USMP-4; SPARTAN-201; 2 EVAs; small payloads.
STS-89, Endeavour (USA)	Terrence Wilcutt, Joe Edwards, James Reilly, Michael Anderson, Bonnie Dunbar, Salizhan Sharipov, Andrew Thomas (up), David Wolf (down)	23-Jan-98	31-Jan-98	8d:19h:48m	Mir-Docking/8; Spacehab-DM; crew exchange (Thomas for Wolf).
Soyuz TM-27 (Russia)	Talgat Musabayev, Nikolai Budarin, Leopold Eyharts (up), Yuri Baturin (down)	29-Jan-98	25-Aug-98	207d:12h:51m	25th Mir long stay; Eyharts (France) returned in Soyuz TM-26; 5 EVAs.
STS-90, Columbia (USA)	Richard Searfoss, Scott Altman, Kathryn Hire, Richard Linnehan, Dafydd Williams, Jay Buckey, James Pawelczyk	17-Apr-98	3-May-98	15d:21h:51m	Neurolab (16th Spacelab); bioreactor; small payloads (GAS).
STS-91, Discovery (USA)	Charles Precourt, Dominic Gorie, Wendy Lawrence, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Janet Kavandi, Valeri Ryumin, Andrew Thomas (down)	2-Jun-98	12-Jun-98	9d:19h:55m	Mir-Docking/9; Spacehab-SM; returned Thomas; first GAS payload.
Soyuz TM-28 (Russia)	Gennadi Padalka, Sergei Avdeyev (up), Yuri Baturin (up), Ivan Bella (down)	13-Aug-98	28-Feb-99	198d:16h:31m	26th Mir long stay; Baturin returned in Soyuz TM-27; Avdeyev remained aboard Mir; one EVA.
STS-95, Discovery (USA)	Curtis Brown, Steve Lindsey, Scott Parazynski, Stephen Robinson, Pedro Duque, Chiaki Mukai, John Glenn	29-Oct-98	7-Nov-98	8d:21h:45m	Spacehab-SM, SPARTAN-201; John Glenn reflight.
STS-88, Endeavour (USA)	Robert Cabana, Frederick Sturckow, Nancy Currie, Jerry Ross, James Newman, Sergei Krikalyov	4-Dec-98	16-Dec-98	11d:19h:19m	1st International Space Station (ISS) assembly flight 2A, Unity Module; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 21h:22m; first habitation of ISS.
Soyuz TM-29 (Russia)	Viktor Afanasyev, Jean-Pierre Haignere, Ivan Bella (up), Sergei Avdeyev (down)	20-Feb-99	28-Aug-99	188d:20h:16m	27th Mir long stay; Bella first Slovak in space, returned in Soyuz TM-28; returned Avdeyev; three EVAs.
STS-96, Discovery (USA)	Kent Rominger, Rick Husband, Ellen Ochoa, Tamara Jernigan, Daniel Barry, Julie Payette, Valeri Tokarev	27-May-99	6-Jun-99	9d:19h:14m	2nd ISS assembly flight 2A.1, Spacehab-DM, Starshine; first docking with ISS; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 7h:55m.
STS-93, Columbia (USA)	Eileen Collins, Jeffrey Ashby, Steven Hawley, Catherine Coleman, Michel Tognini	23-Jul-99	28-Jul-99	4d:22h:50m	Deployed Chandra/AXAF; first female commander (Collins).
STS-103, Discovery (USA)	Curtis Brown, Scott Kelly, Steven Smith, Michael Foale, John Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier, Jean-Francois Clervoy	20-Dec-99	28-Dec-99	7d:23h:12m	3rd Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; 3 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 24h:33m.
STS-99, Endeavour (USA)	Kevin Kregel, Dominic Gorie, Janet Kavandi, Janice Voss, Mamoru Mohri, Gerhard Thiele	11-Feb-00	22-Feb-00	11d:05h:40m	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM); used radar systems to obtain high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth.
Soyuz TM-30 (Russia)	Sergei Zalyotin, Aleksandr Kaleri	4-Apr-00	16-Jun-00	72d:19h:42m	28th & final Mir long stay; reactivated Mir under contract with MirCorp (a private concern); returned 16-Jun-00.
STS-101, Atlantis (USA)	James Halsell, Scott Horowitz, Mary Weber, Jeffrey Williams, James Voss, Susan Helms, Yuri Usachyov	19-May-00	29-May-00	9d:20h:10m	3rd ISS assembly flight 2A.2a, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:44m.
STS-106, Atlantis (USA)	Terrence Wilcutt, Scott Altman, Daniel Burbank, Edward Lu, Richard Mastracchio, Yuri Malenchenko, Boris Morukov	8-Sep-00	20-Sep-00	11d:19h:12m	4th ISS assembly flight 2A.2b, Spacehab-DM; 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 6h:14m.
STS-92, Discovery (USA)	Brian Duffy, Pamela Melroy, Koichi Wakata, Leroy Chiao, Peter Wisoff, Michael Lopez-Alegria, William McArthur	11-Oct-00	24-Oct-00	12d:21h:44m	5th ISS assembly flight 3A, PMA-3, IMAX; 4 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 27h:19m.
Soyuz TM-31 (Russia)	Sergei Krikalyov (up), Yuri Gidzenko (up), William Shepherd (up), Talgat Musabayev (down), Yuri Baturin (down), Dennis Tito (down)	31-Oct-00	6-May-01	186d:21h:49m	Delivered Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov), first ISS extended stay totaling 136 days on ISS; returned in STS-102.
STS-97, Endeavour (USA)	Brent Jett, Michael Bloomfield, Joseph Tanner, Carlos Noriega, Marc Garneau	1-Dec-00	11-Dec-00	10d:19h:58m	6th ISS assembly flight 4A, PV Module P6; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:20m.
STS-98, Atlantis (USA)	Kenneth Cockrell, Mark Polansky, Robert Curbeam, Thomas Jones, Marsha Ivins	7-Feb-01	20-Feb-01	12d:21h:21m	7th ISS assembly flight 5A, US Lab; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 19h:49m, final EVA 100th in U.S. history.
STS-102, Discovery (USA)	James Wetherbee, James Kelly, Andrew Thomas, Paul Richards, Yuri Usachyov (up), James Voss (up), Susan Helms (up), William Shepherd (down), Yuri Gidzenko (down), Sergei Krikalyov (down)	8-Mar-01	21-Mar-01	12d:19h:51m	8th ISS assembly flight 5A.1, Leonardo MPLM; External Stowage Platform; delivered Expedition 2 crew (Usachyov, Voss, Helms), returned Expedition 1 crew (Shepherd, Gidzenko, Krikalyov); 2 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 15h:26m.
STS-100, Endeavour (USA)	Kent Rominger, Jeffrey Ashby, Chris Hadfield, Scott Parazynski, John Phillips, Umberto Guidoni, Yuri Lonchakov	19-Apr-01	1-May-01	11d:21h:31m	9th ISS assembly flight 6A, Canadarm2, Raffaello MPLM; 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 14h:50m.
Soyuz TM-32 (Russia)	Talgat Musabayev (up), Yuri Baturin (up), Dennis Tito (up), Viktor Afanasyev (down), Konstantin Kozeyev (down), Claudie Haignere (down)	28-Apr-01	31-Oct-01	185d:21h:23m	Exchanged Soyuz TM-32 for TM-31 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Tito first space "tourist" having paid $20 million for trip.
STS-104, Atlantis (USA)	Steve Lindsey, Charles Hobaugh, Michael Gernhardt, James Reilly, Janet Kavandi	12-Jul-01	25-Jul-01	12d:18h:37m	10th ISS assembly flight 7A, ISS Airlock; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 16h:30m.
STS-105, Discovery (USA)	Scott Horowitz, Frederick Sturckow, Daniel Barry, Patrick Forrester, Frank Culbertson (up), Vladimir Dezhurov (up), Mikhail Tyurin (up), Yuri Usachyov (down), James Voss (down), Susan Helms (down)	10-Aug-01	22-Aug-01	11d:21h:14m	11th ISS assembly flight 7A.1, Leonardo MPLM; delivered Expedition 3 crew (Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin), returned Expedition 2 crew (Usachyov, Voss, Helms); 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 11h:45m.
Soyuz TM-33 (Russia)	Viktor Afanasyev (up), Konstantin Kozeyev (up), Claudie Haignere (up), Yuri Gidzenko (down), Roberto Vittori (down), Mark Shuttleworth (down)	21-Oct-01	5-May-02	195d:18h:52m	Exchanged Soyuz TM-33 for TM-32 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-108, Endeavour (USA)	Dominic Gorie, Mark Kelly, Linda Godwin, Daniel Tani, Yuri Onufrienko (up), Carl Walz (up), Daniel Bursch (up), Frank Culbertson (down), Vladimir Dezhurov (down), Mikhail Tyurin (down)	5-Dec-01	17-Dec-01	11d:19h:37m	ISS utilization flight UF-1, Raffaello MPLM, GAS, MACH-1; delivered Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch), returned Expedition 3 crew (Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin); 1 EVA for 2 crew totaling 4h:12m.
STS-109, Columbia (USA)	Scott Altman, Duane Carey, John Grunsfeld, Nancy Currie, James Newman, Richard Linnehan, Michael Massimino	1-Mar-02	12-Mar-02	10d:22h:11m	4th Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission, Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS); 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 35h:55m.
STS-110, Atlantis (USA)	Michael Bloomfield, Stephen Frick, Jerry Ross, Steven Smith, Ellen Ochoa, Lee Morin, Rex Walheim	8-Apr-02	19-Apr-02	10d:19h:44m	ISS assembly flight 8A, Center Integrated Truss Assembly S0 (ITS S0), Mobile Transporter (MT); 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 28h:22m.
Soyuz TM-34 (Russia)	Yuri Gidzenko (up), Roberto Vittori (up), Mark Shuttleworth (up), Sergei Zalyotin (down), Frank De Winne (down), Yuri Lonchakov (down)	25-Apr-02	10-Nov-02	198d:17h:38m	Exchanged Soyuz TM-34 for TM-33 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; Shuttleworth first South African in space and 2nd space tourist.
STS-111, Endeavour (USA)	Kenneth Cockrell, Paul Lockhart, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Philippe Perrin, Valeri Korzun (up), Sergei Treschev (up), Peggy Whitson (up), Yuri Onufrienko (down), Carl Walz (down), Daniel Bursch (down)	5-Jun-02	19-Jun-02	13d:20h:36m	ISS utilization flight UF-2, Leonardo MPLM, Mobile Base System (MBS); delivered Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson), returned Expedition 4 crew (Onufrienko, Walz, Bursch); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:31m.
STS-112, Atlantis (USA)	Jeffrey Ashby, Pamela Melroy, David Wolf, Piers Sellers, Sandra Magnus, Fyodor Yurchikhin	7-Oct-02	18-Oct-02	10d:19h:59m	ISS assembly flight 9A, Integrated Truss Assembly S1 (ITS S1), Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:41m.
Soyuz TMA-1 (Russia)	Sergei Zalyotin (up), Frank De Winne (up), Yuri Lonchakov (up), Nikolai Budarin (down), Kenneth Bowersox (down), Donald Pettit (down)	30-Oct-02	04-May-03	185d:22h:53m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-1 for TM-34 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; returned Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit).
STS-113, Endeavour (USA)	James Wetherbee, Paul Lockhart, Michael Lopez-Alegria, John Herrington, Kenneth Bowersox (up), Nikolai Budarin (up), Donald Pettit (up), Valeri Korzun (down), Sergei Treschev (down), Peggy Whitson (down)	24-Nov-02	7-Dec-02	13d:18h:49m	ISS assembly flight 11A, Integrated Truss Assembly P1 (ITS P1), CETA; delivered Expedition 6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit), returned Expedition 5 crew (Korzun, Treschev, Whitson); 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 19h:55m.
STS-107, Columbia (USA)	Rick Husband, William McCool, Michael Anderson, Kalpana Chawla, David Brown, Laurel Clark, Ilan Ramon	16-Jan-03	1-Feb-03	15d:22h:20m	Spacehab-DM, Freestar; Ramon first Israeli in space; orbiter broke up during reentry resulting in the loss of both vehicle and crew.
Soyuz TMA-2 (Russia)	Yuri Malenchenko, Edward Lu, Pedro Duque (down)	26-Apr-03	27-Oct-03	183d:22h:46m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-2 for TMA-1 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 7 crew (Malenchenko, Lu).
Shenzhou 5 (China)	Yang Liwei	15-Oct-03	15-Oct-03	21h:23m	First Chinese manned flight (14 orbits).
Soyuz TMA-3 (Russia)	Aleksandr Kaleri, Michael Foale, Pedro Duque (up), Andre Kuipers (down)	18-Oct-03	30-Apr-04	194d:18h:33m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-3 for TMA-2 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 8 crew (Foale, Kaleri); Duque first Spaniard in space.
Soyuz TMA-4 (Russia)	Gennadi Padalka, Michael Fincke, Andre Kuipers (up), Yuri Shargin (down)	19-Apr-04	24-Oct-04	187d:21h:16m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-4 for TMA-3 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 9 crew (Padalka, Fincke).
SpaceShipOne, Flight 15 (private)	Michael Melvill	21-Jun-04	21-Jun-04	24m:05s	First privately funded, non-government manned space flight; suborbital reaching 328,491 feet (100,124 m) altitude.
SpaceShipOne, Flight 16 (private)	Michael Melvill	29-Sep-04	29-Sep-04	24m:11s	First of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 337,569 feet (102,891 m) altitude.
SpaceShipOne, Flight 17 (private)	Brian Binnie	4-Oct-04	4-Oct-04	23m:56s	Second of two flights to claim Ansari X-prize; suborbital reaching 367,442 feet (111,997 m) setting rocket-plane altitude record.
Soyuz TMA-5 (Russia)	Salizhan Sharipov, Leroy Chiao, Yuri Shargin (up), Roberto Vittori (down)	14-Oct-04	24-Apr-05	192d:19h:02m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-5 for TMA-4 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered & returned Expedition 10 crew (Chiao, Sharipov).
Soyuz TMA-6 (Russia)	Sergei Krikalyov, John Phillips, Roberto Vittori (up), Gregory Olsen (down)	15-Apr-05	11-Oct-05	179d:00h:23m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-6 for TMA-5 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 11 crew (Krikalyov, Phillips).
STS-114, Discovery (USA)	Eileen Collins, James Kelly, Charles Camarda, Wendy Lawrence, Soichi Noguchi, Stephen Robinson, Andrew Thomas	26-Jul-05	09-Aug-05	13d:21h:33m	ISS logistics flight LF-1, Raffaello MPLM, deployed ESP-2; test and evaluate new safety procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:05m.
Soyuz TMA-7 (Russia)	Valeri Tokarev, William McArthur, Gregory Olsen (up), Macros Pontes (down)	1-Oct-05	08-Apr-06	189d:19h:53m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-7 for TMA-6 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 12 crew (McArthur, Tokarev); Olsen 3rd space tourist.
Shenzhou 6 (China)	Fei Junlong, Nie Haishen	12-Oct-05	16-Oct-05	4d:19h:32m	Second Chinese manned flight; first two man crew (76 orbits).
Soyuz TMA-8 (Russia)	Pavel Vinogradov, Jeffrey Williams, Macros Pontes (up), Anousheh Ansari (down)	30-Mar-06	29-Sep-06	182d:22h:43m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-8 for TMA-7 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 13 crew (Vinogradov, Williams); Pontes first Brazilain in space.
STS-121, Discovery (USA)	Steve Lindsey, Mark Kelly, Mike Fossum, Lisa Nowak, Stephanie Wilson, Piers Sellers, Thomas Reiter (up)	4-Jul-06	17-Jul-06	12d:18h:37m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-1.1, Leonardo MPLM, performed ISS maintenance, delivered supplies & crewmember Reiter, tested new safety equipment & procedures; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 21h:29m.
STS-115, Atlantis (USA)	Brent Jett, Christopher Ferguson, Joseph Tanner, Daniel Burbank, Steven MacLean, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper	9-Sep-06	21-Sep-06	11d:19h:07m	ISS assembly flight 12A, installed the P3/P4 integrated truss and second set of solar arrays with rotary joint; 3 EVA for 4 crew totaling 20h:19m.
Soyuz TMA-9 (Russia)	Mikhail Tyurin, Michael Lopez-Alegria, Anousheh Ansari (up), Charles Simonyi (down)	18-Sep-06	21-Apr-07	215d:08h:23m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-9 for TMA-8 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 14 crew (Lopez-Alegria, Tyurin). Ansari 4th space tourist (first female), first Iranian-American in space.
STS-116, Discovery (USA)	Mark Polansky, William Oefelein, Robert Curbeam, Joan Higginbotham, Nicholas Patrick, Christer Fuglesang, Sunita Williams (up), Thomas Reiter (down)	9-Dec-06	22-Dec-06	12d:20h:45m	ISS assembly flight 12A.1, installed the P5 integrated truss, rewired ISS power system, Spacehab-SM, exchanged crewmembers Williams & Reiter; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 25h:45m, record 4 EVA in one mission by Curbeam; Fuglesang first Swede in space.
Soyuz TMA-10 (Russia)	Fyodor Yurchikhin, Oleg Kotov, Charles Simonyi (up), Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (down)	7-Apr-07	21-Oct-07	196d:17h:05m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-10 for TMA-9 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 15 crew (Yurchikhin, Kotov); Simonyi 5th space tourist.
STS-117, Atlantis (USA)	Frederick Sturchow, Lee Archambault, Patrick Forrester, Steven Swanson, John Olivas, James Reilly, Clayton Anderson (up), Sunita Williams (down)	8-Jun-07	22-Jun-07	13d:20h:12m	ISS assembly flight 13A, installed the S3/S4 integrated truss and third set of solar arrays with rotary joint, exchanged crewmembers Anderson & Williams; 4 EVA for 4 crew totaling 27h:58m.
STS-118, Endeavour (USA)	Scott Kelly, Charles Hobaugh, Tracy Caldwell, Richard Mastracchio, Dafydd Williams, Barbara Morgan, B. Alvin Drew	8-Aug-07	21-Aug-07	12d:17h:56m	ISS assembly flight 13A.1, installed the S5 integrated truss, deployed ESP-3, replaced CMG-3; first use of station-to-shuttle power transfer system (SSPTS); 4 EVA for 2 crew + 1 ISS crew totaling 23h:15m.
Soyuz TMA-11 (Russia)	Yuri Malenchenko, Peggy Whitson, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (up), Yi So-yeon (down)	10-Oct-07	19-Apr-08	191d:19h:07m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-11 for TMA-10 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 16 crew (Whitson, Malenchenko). Shukor first Malaysian in space; Whitson first female ISS commander.
STS-120, Discovery (USA)	Pamela Melroy, George Zamka, Scott Parazynski, Stephanie Wilson, Douglas Wheelock, Paolo Nespoli, Daniel Tani (up), Clayton Anderson (down)	23-Oct-07	7-Nov-07	15d:02h:24m	ISS assembly flight 10A, installed Harmony Node 2 module, relocated P6 integrated truss, exchanged crewmembers Tani & Anderson; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 27h:14m.
STS-122, Atlantis (USA)	Stephen Frick, Alan Poindexter, Leland Melvin, Rex Walheim, Hans Schlegel, Stanley Love, Leopold Eyharts (up), Daniel Tani (down)	7-Feb-08	20-Feb-08	12d:18h:22m	ISS assembly flight 1E, delivered ESA's Columbus Laboratory, exchanged crewmembers Eyharts & Tani; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 22h:08m.
STS-123, Endeavour (USA)	Dominic Gorie, Gregory Johnson, Robert Behnken, Michael Foreman, Richard Linnehan, Takao Doi, Garrett Reisman (up), Leopold Eyharts (down)	11-Mar-08	27-Mar-08	15d:18h:12m	ISS assembly flight 1J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Experiment Logistics Module and Canadian Dextre Robotics System, first full utilization of SSPTS, exchanged crewmembers Reisman & Eyharts; 5 EVA for 4 crew totaling 33h:28m.
Soyuz TMA-12 (Russia)	Sergei Volkov, Oleg Kononenko, Yi So-yeon (up), Richard Garriott (down)	8-Apr-08	24-Oct-08	198d:16h:20m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-12 for TMA-11 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 17 crew (Volkov, Kononenko). Yi first Korean in space; Volkov first 2nd generation cosmonaut.
STS-124, Discovery (USA)	Mark Kelly, Kenneth Ham, Karen Nyberg, Ronald Garan, Michael Fossum, Akihiko Hoshide, Gregory Chamitoff (up), Garrett Reisman (down)	31-May-08	14-Jun-08	13d:18h:13m	ISS assembly flight 1J, delivered Japanese Kibo Pressurized Module and Remote Manipulator System, exchanged crewmembers Chamitoff & Reisman; 3 EVA for 2 crew totaling 20h:32m.
Shenzhou 7 (China)	Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng	25-Sep-08	28-Sep-08	2d:20h:27m	First Chinese three man crew; first Chinese EVA by Zhai (20 min); released sub-satellite (40 kg).
Soyuz TMA-13 (Russia)	Yuri Lonchakov, Michael Fincke, Richard Garriott (up), Charles Simonyi (down)	12-Oct-08	08-Apr-09	178d:00h:14m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-13 for TMA-12 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 18 crew (Fincke, Lonchakov). Tourist Garriott first 2nd generation American in space.
STS-126, Endeavour (USA)	Christopher Ferguson, Eric Boe, Donald Pettit, Stephen Bowen, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Robert Kimbrough, Sandra Magnus (up), Gregory Chamitoff (down)	15-Nov-08	30-Nov-08	15d:20h:30m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-2, Leonardo MPLM, delivered life support & habitability systems, performed ISS maintenance, exchanged crewmembers Magnus & Chamitoff; 4 EVA for 3 crew totaling 26h:41m.
STS-119, Discovery (USA)	Lee Archambault, Dominic Antonelli, Joseph Acaba, Steven Swanson, Richard Arnold, John Phillips, Koichi Wakata (up), Sandra Magnus (down)	15-Mar-09	28-Mar-09	12d:19h:30m	ISS assembly flight 15A, installed the S6 integrated truss and fourth set of solar arrays, exchanged crewmembers Wakata & Magnus; 3 EVA for 3 crew totaling 19h:04m.
Soyuz TMA-14 (Russia)	Gennadi Padalka, Michael Barratt, Charles Simonyi (up), Guy Laliberté (down)	26-Mar-09	11-Oct-09	198d:16h:42m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-14 for TMA-13 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 19/20 crew (Padalka, Barratt). Simonyi makes second trip as space tourist.
STS-125, Atlantis (USA)	Scott Altman, Gregory Johnson, Michael Good, Megan McArthur, John Grunsfeld, Mike Massimino, Andrew Feustel	11-May-09	24-May-09	12d:21h:37m	Fifth Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission (last planned); 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 36h:56m.
Soyuz TMA-15 (Russia)	Roman Romanenko, Frank De Winne, Robert Thirsk	27-May-09	1-Dec-09	187d:20h:41m	Delivered Expedition 20/21 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle. Start of six-person crew operations on ISS.
STS-127, Endeavour (USA)	Mark Polansky, Douglas Hurley, Christopher Cassidy, Julie Payette, Thomas Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra (up), Koichi Wakata (down)	15-Jun-09	31-Jul-09	15d:16h:45m	ISS assembly flight 2J/A, delivered Japanese Kibo Exposed Facility and Exposed Section of Experiment Logistics Module, exchanged crewmembers Kopra & Wakata; 5 EVAs for 4 crew totaling 30h:30m.
STS-128, Discovery (USA)	Frederick Sturckow, Kevin Ford, Patrick Forrester, Jose Hernandez, Christer Fuglesang, John Olivas, Nicole Stott (up), Timothy Kopra (down)	29-Aug-09	12-Sep-09	13d:20h:54m	ISS assembly flight 17A, Leonardo MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Experiment Support Structure Carrier, exchanged crewmembers Stott & Kopra; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 20h:15m.
Soyuz TMA-16 (Russia)	Maksim Surayev, Jeffrey Williams, Guy Laliberté (up)	30-Sep-09	18-Mar-10	169d:04h:10m	Exchanged Soyuz TMA-16 for TMA-14 to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle; delivered Expedition 21/22 crew (Williams, Surayev). Laliberté first Canadian space tourist.
STS-129, Atlantis (USA)	Charles Hobaugh, Barry Wilmore, Leland Melvin, Randolph Bresnik, Michael Foreman, Robert Satcher, Nicole Stott (down)	16-Nov-09	27-Nov-09	10d:19h:16m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-3, ExPRESS Logistic Carriers ELC-1 & ELC-2, delivered spare components; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 18h:27m.
Soyuz TMA-17 (Russia)	Oleg Kotov, Timothy Creamer, Soichi Noguchi	20-Dec-09	2-Jun-10	163d:05h:32m	Delivered Expedition 22/23 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-130, Endeavour (USA)	George Zamka, Terry Virts, Kathryn Hire, Stephen Robinson, Nicholas Patrick, Robert Behnken	8-Feb-10	22-Feb-10	13d:18h:08m	ISS assembly flight 20A, delivered Tranquility Module (Node 3) and Cupola; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 18h:14m.
Soyuz TMA-18 (Russia)	Aleksandr Skvortsov, Mikhail Korniyenko, Tracy Caldwell-Dyson	2-Apr-10	25-Sep-10	176d:01h:19m	Delivered Expedition 23/24 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-131, Discovery (USA)	Alan Poindexter, James Dutton, Richard Mastracchio, Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger, Stephanie Wilson, Naoko Yamazaki, Clayton Anderson	5-Apr-10	20-Apr-10	15d:02h:47m	ISS assembly flight 19A, Leonardo MPLM, replaced ammonia tank & rate gyro assemblies; 3 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 20h:17m.
STS-132, Atlantis (USA)	Kenneth Ham, Dominic Antonelli, Garrett Reisman, Michael Good, Stephen Bowen, Piers Sellers	14-May-10	26-May-10	11d:18h:29m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-4, delivered Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module; 3 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 21h:20m.
Soyuz TMA-19 (Russia)	Fyodor Yurchikhin, Shannon Walker, Douglas Wheelock	15-Jun-10	26-Nov-10	163d:07h:11m	Delivered Expedition 24/25 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
Soyuz TMA-01M (Russia)	Aleksandr Kaleri, Oleg Skripochka, Scott Kelly	7-Oct-10	16-Mar-11	159d:08h:43m	Delivered Expedition 25/26 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
Soyuz TMA-20 (Russia)	Dmitri Kondratiyev, Paolo Nespoli, Catherine Coleman	15-Dec-10	24-May-11	159d:07h:18m	Delivered Expedition 26/27 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-133, Discovery (USA)	Steven Lindsey, Eric Boe, Nicole Stott, Alvin Drew, Michael Barratt, Stephen Bowen	24-Feb-11	9-Mar-11	12d:19h:05m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-5, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-4, Permanent Multi-Purpose Module (PMM); 2 EVAs for 2 crew totaling 12h:48m. Last flight of Discovery.
Soyuz TMA-21 (Russia)	Andrei Borisenko, Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Ronald Garan	4-Apr-11	Planned Sep-11	TBD	Delivered Expedition 27/28 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-134, Endeavour (USA)	Mark Kelly, Gregory Johnson, Michael Fincke, Roberto Vittori, Andrew Feustel, Gregory Chamitoff	16-May-11	1-Jun-11	15d:17h:39m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-6, ExPRESS Logistics Carrier ELC-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS); 4 EVAs for 3 crew totaling 28h:44m. Last flight of Endeavour.
Soyuz TMA-02M (Russia)	Sergei Volkov, Michael Fossum, Satoshi Furukawa	7-Jun-11	Planned Nov-11	TBD	Delivered Expedition 28/29 crew; remained docked to serve ISS as emergency escape vehicle.
STS-135, Atlantis (USA)	Christopher Ferguson, Douglas Hurley, Sandra Magnus, Rex Walheim	8-Jul-11	21-Jul-11	12d:18h:29m	ISS utilization & logistics flight ULF-7, Raffaello MPLM, Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC). Last flight of Atlantis, final mission of Space Shuttle program.

PLANETARY SPACECRAFT

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NAME	LAUNCH DATE	BOOSTER	WEIGHT lb (kg)	MISSION
Pioneer 5 (USA)	11-Mar-60	Thor-Able	95 (43)	First deep-space probe, returned data from a distance of 22.7 million miles (36.5 million km).
Mars (USSR)	10-Oct-60	SL-6/A-2-e	1,410 (640)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mars (USSR)	14-Oct-60	SL-6/A-2-e	1,410 (640)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Sputnik 7 (USSR)	4-Feb-61	SL-6/A-2-e	1,410 (640)	Venus probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Venera 1 (USSR)	12-Feb-61	SL-6/A-2-e	1,419 (644)	Passed within 62,000 miles (100,000 km) of Venus but failed before encounter.
Mariner 1 (USA)	22-Jul-62	Atlas-Agena	445 (202)	Venus probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Venera (USSR)	25-Aug-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Mariner 2 (USA)	27-Aug-62	Atlas-Agena	447 (203)	First successful fly-by of Venus. Found heavy atmosphere and hot surface, no magnetic field.
Venera (USSR)	1-Sep-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Venera (USSR)	12-Sep-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Mars (USSR)	24-Oct-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Mars probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Mars 1 (USSR)	1-Nov-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,970 (893)	Mars probe, passed within 120,000 miles (193,000 km) of Mars but failed before encounter and before mid-course correction.
Mars (USSR)	4-Nov-62	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Mars probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Cosmos 21 (USSR)	11-Nov-63	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Venera (USSR)	19-Feb-64	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Cosmos 27 (USSR)	27-Mar-64	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Zond 1 (USSR)	2-Apr-64	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Venus probe, passed within 62,000 miles (100,000 km) of Venus but failed before encounter.
Mariner 3 (USA)	5-Nov-64	Atlas-Agena	575 (261)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mariner 4 (USA)	28-Nov-64	Atlas-Agena	575 (261)	First successful fly-by of Mars. 21 pictures returned. Found cratered surface, no canals or flowing water. Mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere, 1 per cent of Earth's sea-level pressure.
Zond 2 (USSR)	30-Nov-64	SL-6/A-2-e	1,960 (890)	Mars probe, passed within 930 miles (1,500 km) of Mars but failed before encounter.
Venera 2 (USSR)	12-Nov-65	SL-6/A-2-e	2,123 (963)	Venus fly-by, probe failed at encounter.
Venera 3 (USSR)	16-Nov-65	SL-6/A-2-e	2,120 (960)	First Venus atmosphere entry, failed to return data.
Cosmos 96 (USSR)	23-Nov-65	SL-6/A-2-e	2,120 (960)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Pioneer 6 (USA)	16-Dec-65	Delta	135 (61)	Solar probe, orbiting Sun inside Earth's orbit.
Pioneer 7 (USA)	17-Aug-66	Delta	135 (61)	Solar probe, orbiting Sun outside Earth's orbit.
Venera 4 (USSR)	12-Jun-67	SL-6/A-2-e	2,439 (1,106)	First successful Venus atmosphere entry. Returned data to within 15.5 miles (25 km) of surface. Entry probe 845 lb (383 kg).
Mariner 5 (USA)	14-Jun-67	Atlas-Agena	540 (245)	Venus probe fly-by, 2,500 miles (4,000 km) from planet.
Cosmos 167 (USSR)	17-Jun-67	SL-6/A-2-e	2,425 (1,100)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Pioneer 8 (USA)	13-Dec-67	Delta	145 (66)	Solar probe, orbiting Sun outside Earth's orbit.
Pioneer 9 (USA)	8-Nov-68	Delta	148 (67)	Solar probe, orbiting Sun inside Earth's orbit.
Venera 5 (USSR)	5-Jan-69	SL-6/A-2-e	2,490 (1,130)	Venus atmosphere probe, 893 lb (405 kg). Crushed during descent.
Venera 6 (USSR)	10-Jan-69	SL-6/A-2-e	2,490 (1,130)	Venus atmosphere probe, 893 lb (405 kg). Crushed during descent.
Mariner 6 (USA)	24-Feb-69	Atlas-Centaur	911 (413)	Mars fly-by probe, returned data and 75 pictures.
Mariner 7 (USA)	27-Mar-69	Atlas-Centaur	911 (413)	Mars fly-by probe, returned data and 126 pictures.
Mars (USSR)	27-Mar-69	SL-12/D-1-e	7,035 (3,190)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mars (USSR)	2-Apr-69	SL-12/D-1-e	7,035 (3,190)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Pioneer E (USA)	27-Aug-69	Delta	148 (67)	Solar probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Venera 7 (USSR)	17-Aug-70	SL-6/A-2-e	2,600 (1,180)	Venus atmosphere entry probe, 1,091 lb (495 kg). First successful to survive to surface.
Cosmos 359 (USSR)	22-Aug-70	SL-6/A-2-e	2,600 (1,180)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Mariner 8 (USA)	8-May-71	Atlas-Centaur	2,273 (1,031)	Mars probe, failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Cosmos 419 (USSR)	10-May-71	SL-12/D-1-e	10,250 (4,650)	Mars probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Mars 2 (USSR)	19-May-71	SL-12/D-1-e	10,253 (4,650)	Mars probe. Returned data from orbit but lander failed to return any data.
Mars 3 (USSR)	28-May-71	SL-12/D-1-e	10,253 (4,650)	Mars probe. Returned data from orbit but lander failed after reaching surface. Entry probe 1,400 lb (635 kg); surface payload 992 lb (450 kg).
Mariner 9 (USA)	30-May-71	Atlas-Centaur	2,270 (1,030)	First successful Mars orbiter. Returned over 7,000 pictures of surface and moons.
Pioneer 10 (USA)	3-Mar-72	Atlas-Centaur	570 (258)	First successful fly-by of Jupiter.
Venera 8 (USSR)	27-Mar-72	SL-6/A-2-e	2,602 (1,180)	Venus atmosphere entry probe, 1,090 lb (495 kg). Returned air and surface data from day side.
Cosmos 482 (USSR)	31-Mar-72	SL-6/A-2-e	2,600 (1,180)	Venus probe, failed to leave Earth orbit.
Pioneer 11 (USA)	6-Apr-73	Atlas-Centaur	571 (259)	Jupiter probe. First successful fly-by of Saturn providing detailed view of ring structure.
Mars 4 (USSR)	21-Jul-73	SL-12/D-1-e	8,710 (3,950)	Mars probe, failed to achieve orbit. Returned fly-by data.
Mars 5 (USSR)	25-Jul-73	SL-12/D-1-e	8,710 (3,950)	Returned data from Mars orbit.
Mars 6 (USSR)	5-Aug-73	SL-12/D-1-e	8,710 (3,950)	Mars fly-by. Lander returned 150 sec of data during descent.
Mars 7 (USSR)	9-Aug-73	SL-12/D-1-e	8,710 (3,950)	Mars fly-by. Lander probe failed to enter Mars atmosphere.
Mariner 10 (USA)	3-Nov-73	Atlas-Centaur	1,109 (503)	First TV pictures of Venus fly-by. Three fly-by encounters with Mercury.
Hellos 1 (US/FRG)	10-Dec-74	Titan-Centaur	816 (370)	Solar probe orbiting within 0.3 AU of Sun.
Venera 9 (USSR)	8-Jun-75	SL-12/D-1-e	10,884 (4,936)	Venus lander. Returned data and first TV pictures from surface. Orbiter returned data. Entry sphere 3,440 lb (1,560 kg); surface payload 1,455 lb (660 kg).
Venera 10 (USSR)	14-Jun-75	SL-12/D-1-e	11,098 (5,033)	Venus lander returned data and pictures from surface. Orbiter returned data. Entry sphere 3,440 lb (1,560 kg); surface payload 1,455 lb (660 kg).
Viking 1 (USA)	20-Aug-75	Titan-Centaur	7,497 (3,400)	Mars orbiter returned pictures and data. First successful Mars landing. Returned pictures and data. Orbiter 5,125 lb (2,224 kg); lander surface weight 1,270 lb (576 kg).
Viking 2 (USA)	9-Sep-75	Titan-Centaur	7,497 (3,490)	Mars orbiter returned pictures and data. Mars lander returned pictures and data. Orbiter 5,125 lb (2,224 kg); lander surface weight 1,270 lb (576 kg).
Hellos 2 (US/FRG)	15-Jan-76	Titan-Centaur	830 (376)	Solar probe orbiting within 0.29 AU of Sun.
Voyager 2 (USA)	20-Aug-77	Titan-Centaur	1,797 (815)	Fly-by probe of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Returned pictures and data.
Voyager 1 (USA)	5-Sep-77	Titan-Centaur	1,797 (815)	Fly-by probe of Jupiter and Saturn. Returned pictures and data. Discovered volcanoes on Io, Jupiter ring, new Saturn moons and ring structure.
Pioneer-Venus 1 (USA)	20-May-78	Atlas-Centaur	1,283 (582)	Venus orbiter, returned pictures and data.
Pioneer-Venus 2 (USA)	8-Aug-78	Atlas-Centaur	1,993 (904)	Venus bus, released four entry probes before encounter. Returned data from surface.
ICE (USA)	12-Aug-78	Delta	478 (217)	Originally launched as International Sun-Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3). Transfer to escape trajectory and renamed International Comet Explorer. First ever comet fly-by on 2-Sep-85 of Giacobini-Zinner Comet.
Venera 11 (USSR)	9-Sep-78	SL-12/D-1-e	9,812 (4,450)	Venus fly-by probe, returned data. Lander returned atmosphere and surface data, descent payload 3,528 lb (1,600 kg).
Venera 12 (USSR)	14-Sep-78	SL-12/D-1-e	9,837 (4,461)	Venus fly-by probe, returned data. Lander returned atmosphere and surface data, descent payload 3,554 lb (1,612 kg).
Venera 13 (USSR)	30-Oct-81	SL-12/D-1-e	9,620 (4,363)	Venus fly-by probe, first color pictures of surface. Conducted first soil analysis at landing site, descent payload 3,627 lb (1,645 kg).
Venera 14 (USSR)	4-Nov-81	SL-12/D-1-e	9,620 (4,363)	Venus fly-by probe, returned color pictures of landing site and conducted analysis of soil, descent payload 3,627 lb (1,645 kg).
Venera 15 (USSR)	2-Jun-83	SL-12/D-1-e	11,574 (5,250)	Venus orbiter. radar surface mapper.
Venera 16 (USSR)	7-Jun-83	SL-12/D-1-e	11,819 (5,360)	Venus orbiter. radar surface mapper.
Vega 1 (USSR)	15-Dec-84	SL-12/D-1-e	10,850 (4,920)	Venus lander and French atmosphere balloon probe. Halley's Comet fly-by 6-Mar-86.
Vega 2 (USSR)	21-Dec-84	SL-12/D-1-e	10,850 (4,920)	Venus lander and French atmosphere balloon probe. Halley's Comet fly-by 9-Mar-86.
Sakigake (Japan)	7-Jan-85	Mu-3SII	305 (138)	First Japanese deep space probe. Distant Halley's Comet fly-by 11-Mar-86.
Giotto (ESA)	2-Jul-85	Ariane 1	1,265 (574)	First close encounter with a comet. Halley's Comet fly-by 14-Mar-86.
Suisei (Japan)	18-Aug-85	Mu-3SII	308 (140)	Japanese deep space probe. Distant Halley's Comet fly-by 11-Mar-86.
Phobos 1 (USSR)	7-Jul-88	SL-12/D-1-e	13,715 (6,220)	Mars probe failed due to telemetry message error.
Phobos 2 (USSR)	12-Jul-88	SL-12/D-1-e	13,715 (6,220)	Mars orbiter, contact lost before planned fly-by of the moon Phobos.
Magellan (USA)	4-May-89	Shuttle/IUS	7,662 (3,475)	Venus orbiter, radar surface and gravity field mapper; arrived at Venus 10-Aug-90. First spacecraft to lower its orbit by using planet's atmosphere (aerobraking).
Galileo (USA)	18-Oct-89	Shuttle/IUS	5,985 (2,715)	Jupiter orbiter, atmosphere probe. First fly-by of an asteroid, 951 Gaspra Oct-91 and 243 Ida Aug-93. First Jupiter atmosphere entry, returned 58 min of data. Arrived at Jupiter 7-Dec-95; disintegrated in Jupiter atmosphere 21-Sep-03. Orbiter 2,846 lb (1,291 kg); entry probe 739 lb (335 kg).
Ulysses (ESA/US)	6-Oct-90	Shuttle/IUS	818 (371)	Jupiter gravity assist International Solar Polar Mission (ISPM).
Mars Observer (USA)	25-Sep-92	Titan III/TOS	4,630 (2,100)	Mars orbiter, contact lost before entering orbit.
Wind (USA)	1-Nov-94	Delta II	2,635 (1,195)	Solar probe, orbiting Sun inside Earth's orbit.
NEAR (USA)	17-Feb-96	Delta II	2,480 (1,125)	Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, placed in orbit around 433 Eros 14-Feb-00; first Eros orbit attempt failed Dec-99; asteroid Mathilde flyby Jun-97. Landed on Eros 12-Feb-01.
Mars Global Surveyor (USA)	7-Nov-96	Delta II	2,341 (1,062)	Mars orbiter. Arrived 12-Sep-97 for mapping through Jan-00. Mass at Mars arrival 1,691 lb (767 kg). Contact lost 2-Nov-06.
Mars 96 (Russia)	16-Nov-96	SL-12/D-1-e	15,045 (6,825)	Mars probe, failed to leave earth orbit.
Mars Pathfinder (USA)	4-Dec-96	Delta II	1,962 (890)	Mars lander, first planetary rover (Sojourner). Lander mass 794 lb (360 kg); microrover 35 lb (16 kg). Landed 4-Jul-97.
Cassini-Huygens (USA, ESA, Italy)	15-Oct-97	Titan-Centaur	12,421 (5,634)	Saturn orbiter (Cassini) and Titan probe (Huygens). Orbiter arrived at Saturn 30-Jun-2004 for start of 4-year mission. Probe successfully landed on Titan 14-Jan-2005 returning data and images. Orbiter mass 4,740 lb (2,150 kg); probe 770 lb (350 kg).
Nozomi (Japan)	3-Jul-98	M-V-3	1,190 (540)	Mars orbiter. Planned arrival was 11-Oct-99, but malfunctions delayed arrival to Dec-03. Mission abandoned Dec-03.
Mars Climate Orbiter (USA)	11-Dec-98	Delta II	1,387 (629)	Mars orbiter. Lost during attempted orbit insertion 23-Sep-99 due to navigation error.
Mars Polar Lander (USA)	3-Jan-99	Delta II	1,270 (576)	Mars lander, including Deep Space 2 microprobes. Communication lost during attempted landing 3-Dec-99. Cause of failure likely premature engine shutdown.
Stardust (USA)	7-Feb-99	Delta II	838 (380)	Comet flyby and sample return. Encountered Comet Wild 2 on 2-Jan-04; sample cannister successfully returned to Earth 15-Jan-06.
2001 Mars Odyssey (USA)	7-Apr-01	Delta II	1,598 (725)	Mars orbiter. Arrived 24-Oct-01 for mapping and global observations through Aug-04. On-orbit dry mass 830 lb (376 kg).
Hayabusa (Japan)	9-May-03	M-V-5	1,168 (530)	Asteroid orbiter and sample return. Arrived at asteroid Itokawa Sep-05; reentry capsule was returned to Earth on 13-Jun-10. Originally named MUSES-C.
Mars Express (ESA)	2-Jun-03	Soyuz/Fregat	2,469 (1,120)	Mars orbiter & lander (Beagle 2). Orbiter arrived 25-Dec-03. Communication with lander failed, cause unknown. Orbiter mass 249 lb (113 kg); lander 132 lb (60 kg).
Mars Exploration Rover A (USA)	10-Jun-03	Delta II	2,343 (1,063)	Mars lander & rover (Spirit). Landed 3-Jan-04 for start of 90-day mission; last communication with Earth was sent 22-Mar-10. Lander mass 767 lb (348 kg); rover 408 lb (185 kg).
Mars Exploration Rover B (USA)	7-Jul-03	Delta II	2,343 (1,063)	Mars lander & rover (Opportunity). Landed 24-Jan-04 for start of 90-day mission; still operating in 2012. Lander mass 767 lb (348 kg); rover 408 lb (185 kg).
Rosetta (ESA)	2-Mar-04	Ariane 5 G+	6,600 (3,000)	Coment orbiter and lander (Philae). Scheduled arrival at Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is May-2014 for start of 1.5-year science mission. Two asteroid flybys planned. Orbiter mass 2,640 lb (1,200 kg); Lander mass 220 lb (100 kg).
MESSENGER (USA)	3-Aug-04	Delta II	2,400 (1,100)	Mercury orbiter. Flybys of Mercury in Jan-08, Oct-08 and Sep-09; orbit insertion achieved 18-Mar-11 for start of planned 1-year mapping and science mission.
Deep Impact (USA)	12-Jan-05	Delta II	2,249 (1,020)	Flyby spacecraft and impactor to study interior of Comet Tempel 1; impact successfully occured 4-Jul-05. Flyby spacecraft mass 1,433 lb (650 kg); impactor 816 lb (370 kg).
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA)	12-Aug-05	Atlas V	4,806 (2,180)	Mars orbiter. Arrived 10-Mar-06 for low-altitude science observation, site investigation for future landings, and telecommunication & navigation relay for follow-on missions.
Venus Express (ESA)	9-Nov-05	Soyuz/Fregat	2,734 (1,240)	Venus orbiter. Arrived 11-Apr-06 for start of mission to study the planet's atmosphere.
New Horizons (USA)	19-Jan-06	Atlas V	1,054 (478)	Pluto-Charon fly-by probe. Scheduled arrival is mid-2015 for 5-month geological study and mapping mission.
Phoenix (USA)	3-Aug-07	Delta II	1,477 (670)	Mars lander. Landed 25-May-08 to begin 90-day mission to study the history of water and search for organic molecules in the martian arctic soil. Lander mass 772 lb (350 kg).
Dawn (USA)	27-Sep-07	Delta II	2,685 (1,218)	Asteroid orbiter to study protoplanets with goal of characterizing the conditions and processes of the early solar system; entered orbit around Vesta 16-Jul-11, scheduled to arrive at Ceres Feb-2015.
Mars Science Laboratory (USA)	26-Nov-11	Atlas V 541	8,580 (3,893)	Mars rover with integrated instrument package (Curiosity). Landed 6-Aug-12 for start of 687-day (one Martian year) mission to investigate Mars' habitability, study its climate and geology, and collect data for a manned mission to Mars. Rover mass 1,980 lb (899 kg).

LUNAR SPACECRAFT (Unmanned)

LUNAR SPACECRAFT (Unmanned)

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NAME	LAUNCH DATE	BOOSTER	WEIGHT lb (kg)	MISSION
Pioneer 0 (USA)	17-Aug-58	Thor-Able	84 (38)	Lunar orbit attempt. Booster exploded at ten miles (16 km).
Luna (USSR)	23-Sep-58	SL-3/A-1	795 (361)	Lunar impact attempt. Structural failure at 92 sec into launch.
Pioneer 1 (USA)	11-Oct-58	Thor-Able	84 (38)	Lunar orbit attempt. Reached 70,700 miles (113,830 km), fell back over South Pacific.
Luna (USSR)	12-Oct-58	SL-3/A-1	795 (361)	Lunar impact attempt. Launcher exploded at 100 sec into launch.
Pioneer 2 (USA)	8-Nov-58	Thor-Able	84 (38)	Lunar orbit attempt. Reached 965 miles (1,550 km), fell back over central Africa.
Luna (USSR)	4-Dec-58	SL-3/A-1	795 (361)	Lunar impact attempt. Stage 1 failure at 245 sec into launch.
Pioneer 3 (USA)	6-Dec-58	Juno II	13 (6)	Lunar fly-by attempt. Reached 63,580 miles (102,320 km), fell back over central Africa.
Luna 1 (USSR)	2-Jan-59	SL-3/A-1	795 (361)	Lunar impact attempt. Solar orbit after 3,100 mile (5,000 km) fly-by.
Pioneer 4 (USA)	3-Mar-59	Juno II	13 (6)	Lunar fly-by at 37,050 miles (60,500 km), into solar orbit.
Luna (USSR)	18-Jul-59	SL-3/A-1	853 (387)	Lunar impact attempt. Failed to reach Earth orbit.
Luna 2 (USSR)	12-Sep-59	SL-3/A-1	853 (387)	First lunar impact.
Pioneer/Orbiter (USA)	24-Sep-59	Atlas-Able	375 (170)	Lunar orbit attempt. Destroyed in booster static test explosion.
Luna 3 (USSR)	4-Oct-59	SL-3/A-1	614 (278)	Final stage instrumentation 345 lb (156 kg); mission payload 959 lb (434 kg). Photographed 70% of lunar far side.
Pioneer/Orbiter (USA)	26-Nov-59	Atlas-Able	373 (169)	Lunar orbit attempt. Destroyed when booster shroud lost 45 sec into launch.
Luna (USSR)	15-Apr-60	SL-3/A-1	615 (279)	Lunar flyby attempt. Failed to reach Earth orbit, premature stage 2 cutoff.
Luna (USSR)	16-Apr-60	SL-3/A-1	615 (279)	Lunar flyby attempt. Strap-on failed to ignite, broke up near pad.
Pioneer/Orbiter (USA)	25-Sep-60	Atlas-Able	388 (176)	Lunar orbit attempt. Destroyed when booster second-stage oxidizer system malfunctioned.
Pioneer/Orbiter (USA)	15-Dec-60	Atlas-Able	388 (176)	Lunar orbit attempt. Destroyed when booster first-stage exploded 70 sec into launch.
Ranger 1 (USA)	23-Aug-61	Atlas-Agena	674 (306)	High Earth orbit test vehicle attempt. Achieved only low Earth orbit when Agena failed to restart.
Ranger 2 (USA)	18-Nov-61	Atlas-Agena	674 (306)	High Earth orbit test vehicle attempt. Achieved only low Earth orbit when Agena failed to restart.
Ranger 3 (USA)	26-Jan-62	Atlas-Agena	727 (330)	Hard land seismometer attempt. Lunar fly-by at 22,872 miles (36,808 km) when Agena imparted excess velocity.
Ranger 4 (USA)	23-Apr-62	Atlas-Agena	730 (331)	Hard land seismometer attempt. Timer failure. Tracked to indicate impact on lunar far side.
Ranger 5 (USA)	18-Oct-62	Atlas-Agena	752 (341)	Hard land seismometer attempt. Power failure. Solar orbit after 450 mile (725 km) lunar fly-by.
Sputnik 25 (USSR)	4-Jan-63	SL-6/A-2-e	3,080 (1,400)	Unannounced soft-landing attempt. Earth orbit only.
Luna (USSR)	3-Feb-63	SL-6/A-2-e	3,080 (1,400)	Soft-landing attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 4 (USSR)	2-Apr-63	SL-6/A-2-e	3,135 (1,422)	Soft-landing attempt. Solar orbit after 5,280 mile (8,500 km) lunar fly-by.
Ranger 6 (USA)	30-Jan-64	Atlas-Agena	805 (365)	TV close-up before impact attempt. Crashed on target but no pictures returned.
Luna (USSR)	21-Mar-64	SL-6/A-2-e	3,142 (1,425)	Soft-landing attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna (USSR)	20-Apr-64	SL-6/A-2-e	3,142 (1,425)	Soft-landing attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Zond (USSR)	4-Jun-64	SL-6/A-2-e	()	Lunar test of Mars probe. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Ranger 7 (USA)	28-Jul-64	Atlas-Agena	806 (366)	Returned 4,306 high-resolution pictures before impact on Mare Cognitum.
Ranger 8 (USA)	17-Feb-65	Atlas-Agena	809 (367)	Returned 7,137 high-resolution pictures before impact on Mare Tranquillitatis.
Cosmos 60 (USSR)	12-Mar-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,240 (1,470)	Soft-landing attempt. Earth orbit only.
Ranger 9 (USA)	21-Mar-65	Atlas-Agena	807 (366)	Returned 5,814 high-resolution pictures before impact inside crater Alphonsus.
Luna (USSR)	10-Apr-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,255 (1,476)?	Soft-landing attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 5 (USSR)	9-May-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,255 (1,476)	Soft-landing attempt. Crashed at 31oS x 8oE.
Luna 6 (USSR)	8-Jun-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,180 (1,442)	Soft-landing attempt. Solar orbit after 100,000 mile (160,000 km) lunar fly-by.
Zond 3 (USSR)	18-Jul-65	SL-6/A-2-e	2,095 (950)	Lunar fly-by, into solar orbit. Returned pictures of remaining portions of lunar far side.
Centaur 3 (USA)	11-Aug-65	Atlas-Centaur	2,100 (952)	High Earth orbit of Surveyor dynamic model. Engineering development flight of Centaur.
Luna 7 (USSR)	4-Oct-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,321 (1,506)	Soft-landing attempt. Impact at 9oN x 40oW.
Luna 8 (USSR)	3-Dec-65	SL-6/A-2-e	3,422 (1,552)	Soft-landing attempt. Impact at 9o8'N x 63o18'W.
Luna 9 (USSR)	31-Jan-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,490 (1,583)	First successful soft lunar landing at 7o8'N x 64o33'W. Returned TV panoramas and radiation data over four days. 220 lb (100 kg) capsule.
Cosmos 111 (USSR)	1-Mar-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,530 (1,600)	Lunar orbit attempt. Earth orbit only.
Luna 10 (USSR)	31-Mar-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,490 (1,583)	First successful lunar orbit. 540 lb (245 kg) satellite returned data from 217 x 632 mile (350 x 1,017 km), 178.3 min, 71o32' orbit over 56-day life.
Luna (USSR)	30-Apr-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,490 (1,583)?	Lunar orbit attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Surveyor 1 (USA)	30-May-66	Atlas-Centaur	2,194 (995)	Soft-landing at 2o27'S x 43o13'W. Returned 11,237 TV pictures and engineering data over six weeks.
Explorer 33 (USA)	1-Jul-66	Delta	205 (93)	Lunar orbit attempt. Achieved 9,880 x 270,300 mile (15,900 x 435,000 km) Earth orbit. Returned particle and field data.
Lunar Orbiter 1 (USA)	10-Aug-66	Atlas-Agena	850 (386)	Lunar orbit, 118 x 1,160 miles (189 x 1,867 km) 12.2o, perilune lowered to 25 miles (40 km). Returned 209 photo frames of surface.
Luna 11 (USSR)	24-Aug-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,615 (1,640)	Lunar orbit, 99 x 746 miles (159 x 1,200 km), 178 min, 27o.
Surveyor 2 (USA)	20-Sep-66	Atlas-Centaur	2,200 (1,000)	Soft-landing attempt. Crashed south-east of crater Copernicus.
Luna 12 (USSR)	22-Oct-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,585 (1,625)	Lunar orbit, 62 x 1,081 miles (100 x 1,740 km), 205 min, 15o. Returned TV pictures of surface.
Centaur 5 (USA)	26-Oct-66	Atlas-Centaur	1,600 (726)	High Earth orbit with Surveyor mass model. Centaur restart development flight.
Lunar Orbiter 2 (USA)	6-Nov-66	Atlas-Agena	850 (386)	Lunar orbit, 122 x 1,150 miles (196 x 1,850 km) 11.8o, perilune lowered to 31 miles (50 km). Returned 817 photo frames of surface.
Luna 13 (USSR)	21-Dec-66	SL-6/A-2-e	3,570 (1,620)	Soft-landing at 18o52'N x 62o3'W. Returned TV panoramas and radiation data. Tested soil.
Lunar Orbiter 3 (USA)	5-Feb-67	Atlas-Agena	850 (386)	Lunar orbit, 131 x 1,120 miles (210 x 1,802 km) 20.9o, lowered to 34 x 1,148 miles (55 x 1,847 km). Returned 626 photo frames of surface.
Cosmos 146 (USSR)	10-Mar-67	SL-12/D-1-e	11,060 (5,017)	Zond attempt. Earth orbit only.
Cosmos 154 (USSR)	8-Apr-67	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Zond attempt. Earth orbit only.
Surveyor 3 (USA)	17-Apr-67	Atlas-Centaur	2,283 (1,035)	Soft-landing at 2o56'S x 23o20'W. Returned 6,315 TV pictures and engineering data. Surface weight 625 lb (283 kg).
Lunar Orbiter 4 (USA)	4-May-67	Atlas-Agena	850 (386)	Lunar orbit, 1,681 x 3,735 miles (2,706 x 6,011 km) 85.5o. Returned 546 photo frames of surface.
Surveyor 4 (USA)	14-Jul-67	Atlas-Centaur	2,291 (1,039)	Soft-landing attempt. Crashed at 0o26'N x 1o20'W.
Explorer 35 (USA)	19-Jul-67	Delta	229 (104)	Lunar orbit, 500 x 4,600 miles (804 x 7,400 km), 147o. Returned particle and fields data.
Lunar Orbiter 5 (USA)	1-Aug-67	Atlas-Agena	850 (386)	Lunar orbit, 121 x 3,743 miles (195 x 6,023 km) 85o, lowered to 62 x 931 miles (99 x 1,499 km). Returned 844 photo frames of surface.
Surveyor 5 (USA)	8-Sep-67	Atlas-Centaur	2,216 (1,005)	Soft-landing at 1o25'N x 22o15'E. Returned 18,006 TV pictures. First chemical analysis of soil.
Zond (USSR)	28-Sep-67	SL-12/D-1-e	11,465 (5,200)	Zond attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Surveyor 6 (USA)	7-Nov-67	Atlas-Centaur	2,223 (1,008)	Soft-landing at 0o25'N x 1o20'W. Returned 30,065 TV pictures and chemical analysis data.
Zond (USSR)	22-Nov-67	SL-12/D-1-e	11,465 (5,200)	Zond attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Surveyor 7 (USA)	7-Jan-68	Atlas-Centaur	2,293 (1,040)	Soft-landing at 40o53'S x 11o26'W near rim of crater Tycho. Returned 21,274 TV pictures and chemical analysis data from lunar highlands.
Luna USSR)	7-Feb-68	SL-6/A-2-e	3,561 (1,615)?	Lunar orbit attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Zond 4 (USSR)	2-Mar-68	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Zond mission check-out. Solar orbit.
Luna 14 (USSR)	7-Apr-68	SL-6/A-2-e	3,561 (1,615)	Lunar orbit, 100 x 540 miles (160 x 870 km), 160 min, 42o.
Zond (USSR)	23-Apr-68	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Zond attempt. Failed to reach Earth orbit.
Zond 5 (USSR)	14-Sep-68	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Circumlunar fly-by. Returned to Indian Ocean.
Zond 6 (USSR)	10-Nov-68	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Circumlunar fly-by. "Skip" return to Soviet Union.
Zond (USSR)	20-Jan-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Zond attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna (USSR)	19-Feb-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunar rover attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Zond L1S-1 (USSR)	21-Feb-69	SL-15/N-1	12,300 (5,600)	N-1 test & Zond attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna (USSR)	15-Apr-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Soil sample-return attempt. Failed to reach Earth orbit.
Luna (USSR)	14-Jun-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Soil sample-return attempt. Failed to reach Earth orbit.
Zond L1S-2 (USSR)	3-Jul-69	SL-15/N-1	12,300 (5,600)	N-1 test & Zond attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 15 (USSR)	13-Jul-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,570 (5,700)	Soil sample-return attempt. Failed to achieve soft lunar landing.
Zond 7 (USSR)	7-Aug-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Circumlunar fly-by. "Skip" return to Soviet Union.
Cosmos 300 (USSR)	23-Sep-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Soil sample-return attempt or rover attempt. Failed to leave Earth orbit.
Cosmos 305 (USSR)	22-Oct-69	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Soil sample-return attempt or rover attempt. Possible successful trans-lunar injection only.
Luna (USSR)	6-Feb-70	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Soil sample-return attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna (USSR)	19-Feb-70	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunar orbit attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 16 (USSR)	12-Sep-70	SL-12/D-1-e	12,620 (5,725)	First successful automatic lunar soil sample return. Sample from mare region at 0o41'S x 56o18'E. Dry lander 4,145 lb (1,880 kg).
Zond 8 (USSR)	20-Oct-70	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Circumlunar fly-by. Returned to Indian Ocean.
Luna 17 (USSR)	10-Nov-70	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunokhod 1 Rover 1,667 lb (756 kg); empty descent stage 2,381 lb (1,080 kg). Total surface payload 4,084 lb (1,836 kg). First successful automatic lunar rover, 38o18'N x 35oW.
Apollo 15 P & F Sub-Satellite (USA)	26-Jul-71	Saturn V	79 (36)	Particle and fields sub-satellite released from Apollo 15.
Luna 18 (USSR)	2-Sep-71	SL-12/D-1-e	12,125 (5,500)	Soil sample-return attempt. Crashed at 3o34'N x 56o30'E.
Luna 19 (USSR)	28-Sep-71	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunar orbit. Intially 87 mile (140 km) circular; 48 x 239 mile (77 x 385 km), 131 min, 40o after manoeuvring.
Luna 20 (USSR)	14-Feb-72	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Automatic soil sample-return from lunar highlands at 3o32'N x 56o33'E.
Apollo 16 P & F Sub-Satellite (USA)	16-Apr-72	Saturn V	79 (36)	Particle and fields sub-satellite released from Apollo 16.
Soyuz L3 (USSR)	23-Nov-72	SL-15/N-1	21,710 (9,850)	N-1 test with lunar orbiter + model lander. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 21 (USSR)	8-Jan-73	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunokhod 2 Rover 1,852 lb (840 kg); 25o54'N x 30o30'E.
Explorer 49 (USA)	10-Jun-73	Delta	723 (328)	Radio Astronomy Explorer placed in lunar orbit.
Luna 22 (USSR)	29-May-74	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Lunar orbit. Conducted extensive manoeuvring.
Luna 23 (USSR)	28-Oct-74	SL-12/D-1-e	12,570 (5,700)	Deep soil sample return attempt. Damaged on landing at 12o41'N x 62o18'E.
Luna (USSR)	16-Oct-75	SL-12/D-1-e	12,300 (5,600)	Deep soil sample return attempt. Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Luna 24 (USSR)	9-Aug-76	SL-12/D-1-e	11,698 (5,306)	Deep soil sample return from 12o45'N x 62o12'E.
Hiten (Japan)	24-Jan-90	Mu-3SII-5	315 (143)	Earth orbiter that preformed ten lunar fly-bys and lunar impact on 10-Apr-93; subsatellite Hagoromo entered lunar orbit. Originally named MUSES-A
Clementine (USA)	25-Jan-94	Titan IIG	3,725 (1,690)	Lunar orbit, 260 x 1,810 miles (425 x 2,935 km), 90o. Mapped lunar surface. Malfuntion prevented planned fly-by of asteroid Geographos.
Lunar Prospector (USA)	6-Jan-98	Athena II	653 (296)	Lunar orbiter. Mapped minerals, magnetic & gravitational fields; discovered evidence of possible water ice at lunar poles. Crashed near moon's south pole 31-Jul-99.
SMART-1 (ESA)	27-Sep-03	Ariane 5	808 (366)	First European mission to the Moon; entered lunar orbit 15-Nov-04. Two phase mission to test new technologies and study the Moon. Crashed into moon 3-Sep-06.
Kaguya (Japan)	14-Sep-07	H-IIA	6,360 (2,885)	Lunar orbiter with two sub-satellites; entered lunar orbit 3-Oct-07 to obtain scientific data on lunar origins & evolution, and develop the technology for future lunar exploration. Originally named SELENE.
Chang'e 1 (China)	24-Oct-07	Long March 3A	5,180 (2,350)	China's first mission to the Moon; entered lunar orbit 5-Nov-07 to obtain 3D images of the lunar surface, map element distribution, evaluate soil depth, and study space environment.
Chandrayaan 1 (India)	22-Oct-08	PSLV-XL	3,042 (1,380)	India's first mission to the Moon; lunar orbiter (523 kg) and impactor. Entered lunar orbit 8-Nov-08 to perform high-resolution remote sensing of the moon in visible, near infrared, and X-ray regions.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (USA)	18-Jun-09	Atlas V	4,224 (1,916)	Lunar orbiter, launched with LCROSS. Entered orbit 23-Jun-09 to find possible landing sites for a lunar outpost, locate potential resources, characterize the radiation environment, and test new technology.
Lunar Crater Observation & Sensing Satellite (USA)	18-Jun-09	Atlas V	1,664 (891)	Lunar impactor/probe, launched with LRO. Confirmed presence of water in permanently shadowed Cabeus crater by flying through debris plume created by previously impacted Centaur stage. Impact on 9-Oct-09.